{"id":10405,"date":"2025-10-21T09:45:05","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T07:45:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=10405"},"modified":"2025-11-10T16:54:52","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T15:54:52","slug":"statistika-prakticky-uvod","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/statistika-prakticky-uvod\/","title":{"rendered":"Statistika-prakticky-uvod"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"10405\" class=\"elementor elementor-10405\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6f672ed elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"6f672ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bbeb470\" data-id=\"bbeb470\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d82f1ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d82f1ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0160TATISTIKA PRAKTICKY (NIELEN) V Z\u00c1VERE\u010cN\u00ddCH PR\u00c1CACH<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2858d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2858d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e63bd34\" data-id=\"e63bd34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b79421 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b79421\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb0ded5\" data-id=\"bb0ded5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-759b076 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"759b076\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00davod<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9d5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aa9d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead sa m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165, \u017ee profesia psychol\u00f3ga nie je spojen\u00e1 s v\u00fdskumom. Av\u0161ak ka\u017ed\u00e1 te\u00f3ria a vedomosti, s ktor\u00fdmi v praxi pracuje, vzi\u0161li pr\u00e1ve vedeckou cestou. Bez vedy m\u00e1me len laick\u00e9 \u00fasudky, ktor\u00fdch platnos\u0165 nebola empiricky overen\u00e1. Cie\u013eom vedy je, ako uv\u00e1dza Ferjen\u010d\u00edk (2000), nielen vysvetli\u0165 izolovan\u00e9 javy, ale i explan\u00e1cia vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch s\u00favislost\u00ed a pr\u00ed\u010dinn\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov medzi javmi alebo v r\u00e1mci triedy javov. Poznatky z\u00edskan\u00e9 vedeckou cestou maj\u00fa zov\u0161eobecnite\u013en\u00fa povahu, s\u00fa empirick\u00e9 a objekt\u00edvne.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Psychol\u00f3gia ako vedeck\u00e1 discipl\u00edna je \u0161pecifick\u00e1 predmetom svojho sk\u00famania. Na rozdiel od tradi\u010dn\u00fdch (pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch) vied, kde je predmet v\u00fdskumu uchopite\u013en\u00fd, sa sna\u017e\u00ed sk\u00fama\u0165 tzv. hypotetick\u00e9 kon\u0161trukty, na ktor\u00fdch existenciu len usudzujeme. \u010co je to postoj, empatia, motiv\u00e1cia \u010di extroverzia? A ak aj tieto pojmy pop\u00ed\u0161eme, \u010dasto existuje nieko\u013eko defin\u00edci\u00ed. Nemo\u017enos\u0165 uchopi\u0165 a mera\u0165 priamo dan\u00e9 pojmy s\u00favis\u00ed s chybovos\u0165ou merania, s ktorou sa n\u00e1sledne v\u00fdskumn\u00edk mus\u00ed vysporiada\u0165. I preto je psychol\u00f3gia niekedy ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 ako paveda. Zabezpe\u010den\u00edm a dodr\u017ean\u00edm pravidiel sk\u00famania a pou\u017eit\u00edm vhodn\u00fdch met\u00f3d a postupov v\u0161ak vieme docieli\u0165 objekt\u00edvnos\u0165 a empirick\u00fa platnos\u0165 zisten\u00ed. Predkladan\u00e1 u\u010debnica sl\u00fa\u017ei ako podklad k realiz\u00e1cii v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt kvantitat\u00edvneho charakteru. Popisuje z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 kroky v\u00fdskumu a s\u00fastre\u010fuje sa na podrobn\u00e9 vysvetlenie z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch postupov \u0161tatistick\u00e9ho spracovania d\u00e1t, \u0161tandardne pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v psychol\u00f3gii na \u00farovni z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00e1c. Praktick\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom prezentuje postup pri zbere, vyhodnoten\u00ed a interpret\u00e1ci\u00ed v\u00fdskumne z\u00edskan\u00fdch \u00fadajov pre pedag\u00f3gov a \u0161tudentov z odboru psychol\u00f3gia a pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch odborov.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aktu\u00e1lne i star\u0161ie publik\u00e1cie v slovenskom jazyku pojedn\u00e1vaj\u00face o aplik\u00e1cii \u0161tatistick\u00fdch postupov v behavior\u00e1lnych ved\u00e1ch (Laj\u010diakov\u00e1, Taba\u010dkov\u00e1, 2010; Alma\u0161iov\u00e1, Koh\u00fatov\u00e1, 2016, Soll\u00e1r, Ritomsk\u00fd, 2002; Tom\u0161\u00edk, 2017) s\u00fa zacielen\u00e9 na osvojenie si postupov vyu\u017eitia \u0161tatistick\u00fdch softv\u00e9rov (IBM SPSS Statistics \u010di MS Excel) na testovanie hypot\u00e9z v psychologickom, pedagogickom \u010di soci\u00e1lnom kvantitat\u00edvnom v\u00fdskume. Tie z uveden\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ur\u010den\u00e9 psychol\u00f3gom sa odv\u00e1\u017eime hodnoti\u0165 u\u017e ako jemne zastaran\u00e9 (z r. 2002 a 2010), najm\u00e4 vzh\u013eadom na meniaci sa \u0161tatistick\u00fd program, ktor\u00e9ho proced\u00fary prezentuj\u00fa (IBM SPSS Statistic), av\u0161ak aj vzh\u013eadom na ich dostupnos\u0165, praktickos\u0165 pou\u017eitia pri v\u00fdu\u010dbe. Potreba tvorby vysoko\u0161kolskej u\u010debnice obsahovo zameranej na praktick\u00e9 zvl\u00e1dnutie princ\u00edpov kvantitat\u00edvneho psychologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu, jeho spracovania prostredn\u00edctvom \u0161tandardn\u00fdch \u0161tatistick\u00fdch anal\u00fdz, ale najm\u00e4 obsahuj\u00facej \u0161pecifick\u00fa psychologick\u00fa interpret\u00e1ciu, vyplynula z dlhodobej akt\u00edvnej pedagogickej praxe autoriek.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aktu\u00e1lna publik\u00e1cia je nad\u010dasov\u00e1 v tom zmysle, \u017ee cie\u013eom \u0148ou nadobudnut\u00fdch vedomost\u00ed nie je mechanick\u00e9 zvl\u00e1dnutie pr\u00edkazov v \u0161tatistickom programe, ale <strong>pochopenie princ\u00edpov, d\u00f4vodov, zhodnotenie podmienok a rozhodnutie pre vo\u013ebu spr\u00e1vnej \u0161tatistickej anal\u00fdzy a interpret\u00e1cie.<\/strong> U\u010debnica pon\u00faka len heslovit\u00fd postup aplik\u00e1cie proced\u00far v programe IBM SPSS Statistics, av\u0161ak \u0161tudenti s jej pomocou zvl\u00e1dnu rovnak\u00e9 proced\u00fary i v in\u00fdch \u0161tatistick\u00fdch softv\u00e9roch, \u010di s pomocou online \u0161tatistick\u00fdch testov. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je, ab y sa \u0161tudent zorientoval v d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch hodnot\u00e1ch mno\u017estva v\u00fdsledkov a tie spr\u00e1vne \u0161tatisticky a vecne interpretoval. \u010eal\u0161ou \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciou u\u010debnice s\u00fa <strong>vzorov\u00e9 formy tabuliek a grafov<\/strong> vhodn\u00fdch na zobrazenie v\u00fdsledkov konkr\u00e9tnych testov a <strong>vzorov\u00e9 interpret\u00e1cie v\u00fdsledkov<\/strong> v pr\u00edpade zamietnutia \u010di prijatia nulovej hypot\u00e9zy.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vzh\u013eadom na mnohoro\u010dn\u00fa pedagogick\u00fa sk\u00fasenos\u0165 autoriek je u\u010debnica prisp\u00f4soben\u00e1 \u0161tudentsk\u00e9mu jazyku, dop\u013a\u0148a eduka\u010dn\u00e9 postupy na hodin\u00e1ch z\u00e1kladov \u0161tatistiky a nadv\u00e4zuj\u00facich discipl\u00edn (multivaria\u010dn\u00e1 \u0161tatistika, regresn\u00e1 a faktorov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza, psychometrika at\u010f.), upozor\u0148uje na \u010dast\u00e9 chyby a nepresnosti v ch\u00e1pan\u00ed postupov a pon\u00faka ich rie\u0161enia.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Z\u00e1merom vysoko\u0161kolskej u\u010debnice je prezentova\u0165 \u0161tatistiku v \u0161ir\u0161om kontexte, ktor\u00fd by \u0161tudentom umo\u017enil pochopi\u0165 samotn\u00e9 \u0161tatistick\u00e9 testy ako prostriedok a nie hlavn\u00fd princ\u00edp (cie\u013e) v psychologickom v\u00fdskume (v z\u00e1vere\u010dnej pr\u00e1ci).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160TATISTIKA PRAKTICKY (NIELEN) V Z\u00c1VERE\u010cN\u00ddCH PR\u00c1CACH \u00davod Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead sa m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165, \u017ee profesia psychol\u00f3ga nie je spojen\u00e1 s v\u00fdskumom. Av\u0161ak ka\u017ed\u00e1 te\u00f3ria a vedomosti, s ktor\u00fdmi v praxi pracuje, vzi\u0161li pr\u00e1ve vedeckou cestou. Bez vedy m\u00e1me len laick\u00e9 \u00fasudky, ktor\u00fdch platnos\u0165 nebola empiricky overen\u00e1. Cie\u013eom vedy je, ako uv\u00e1dza Ferjen\u010d\u00edk (2000), nielen vysvetli\u0165 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10405","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10405"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10405\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12463,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10405\/revisions\/12463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}