{"id":11107,"date":"2025-10-23T12:49:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-23T10:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=11107"},"modified":"2025-11-25T13:25:42","modified_gmt":"2025-11-25T12:25:42","slug":"statistika-prakticky-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/statistika-prakticky-5\/","title":{"rendered":"Statistika-prakticky-5"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u0160TATISTIKA PRAKTICKY (NIELEN) V Z\u00c1VERE\u010cN\u00ddCH PR\u00c1CACH<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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5. PSYCHOMETRICK\u00c9 VLASTNOSTI A ICH TESTOVANIE\nS POMOCOU SPSS<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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V praxi sa \u010dasto st\u00e1va, \u017ee prist\u00fapime vo v\u00fdskume k tvorbe vlastn\u00fdch merac\u00edch n\u00e1strojov (vr\u00e1tene prekladu zahrani\u010dnej metodiky), alebo pracujeme s n\u00e1strojom s\u00edce \u0161tandardizovan\u00fdm, ale star\u0161ieho vydania. V oboch pr\u00edpadoch plat\u00ed, \u017ee je potrebn\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 psychometrick\u00e9 preverenie<\/u> takejto met\u00f3dy. Tvorba novej met\u00f3dy predstavuje dlhodob\u00fd a komplexn\u00fd proces, \u010do vypl\u00fdva u\u017e zo samotnej podstaty meran\u00fdch kon\u0161truktov v psychol\u00f3gii. Ak chceme zmera\u0165 psychologick\u00fd kon\u0161trukt, mus\u00edme vytvori\u0165 met\u00f3du, ktor\u00e1 ho zachyt\u00ed v jeho celosti, kde jednotliv\u00e9 polo\u017eky dotazn\u00edka \u010di \u00falohy v teste bud\u00fa mera\u0165 jeho manifestn\u00e9 prejavy. Ke\u010f\u017ee predmet sk\u00famania je komplexn\u00fd a \u010dastokr\u00e1t \u0165a\u017eko pop\u00edsate\u013en\u00fd, t\u00e1to \u00faloha je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 u\u017e v prvom kroku tvorby polo\u017eiek meracieho n\u00e1stroja. Vy\u017eaduje si pr\u00e1cu na odbornej \u00farovni, preto pre potreby z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00e1c neodpor\u00fa\u010dame vytv\u00e1ranie vlastn\u00fdch met\u00f3d zberu \u00fadajov. Po vytvoren\u00ed met\u00f3dy nasleduje proces z\u00edskavania d\u00f4kazov o VALIDITE \u2013 obsahovej, kon\u0161truktovej a kriteri\u00e1lnej, a n\u00e1sledne overenie RELIABILITY ako vn\u00fatornej konzistencie meracieho n\u00e1stroja alebo stability v\u00fdsledkov merania v \u010dase. Pre overenie psychometrick\u00fdch charakterist\u00edk uplat\u0148ujeme \u0161tatistick\u00e9 postupy. Viac k problematike, z h\u013eadiska te\u00f3rie i \u0161tatistick\u00fdch postupov overovania, odpor\u00fa\u010dame publik\u00e1cie autorov Alma\u0161iov\u00e1, Koh\u00fatov\u00e1 (2016), Halama (2011), Urb\u00e1nek a kol. (2011), Urb\u00e1nek (2002), \u0158\u00ed\u010dan (1980).
Pri pou\u017eit\u00ed met\u00f3d zberu \u00fadajov, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e boli psychometricky overen\u00e9, ale s\u00fa star\u0161ieho d\u00e1ta, alebo ich preklad\u00e1me z pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho jazyka, napr. \u010de\u0161tiny 8<\/span> je minim\u00e1lny \u017eiaduci postup v\u00fdpo\u010det RELIABILITY \u2013 preverenie vz\u00e1jomnej korel\u00e1cie (s\u00favislosti) polo\u017eiek meracieho n\u00e1stroja, ktor\u00e1 vypoved\u00e1, nako\u013eko presne (polo\u017eky) meraj\u00fa jeden kon\u0161trukt, s\u00fdtia celkov\u00e9 sk\u00f3re. V pr\u00edpade viacdimenzion\u00e1lnej met\u00f3dy n\u00e1s zauj\u00edma interkorel\u00e1cia polo\u017eiek v r\u00e1mci jednotliv\u00fdch dimenzi\u00ed. Hovor\u00edme o RELIABILITE typu vn\u00fatornej konzistencie meracieho n\u00e1stroja. K jej vyjadreniu sa pri \u0161k\u00e1lovan\u00fdch polo\u017ek\u00e1ch<\/u> (napr. Likertova \u0161k\u00e1la) uplat\u0148uje naj\u010dastej\u0161ie koeficient CRONBACHOVA ALPHA.<\/p>

  • Koeficient nadob\u00fada hodnoty od 0 do 1.<\/li>
  • Plat\u00ed, \u017ee hodnota koeficientu m\u00e1 dosahova\u0165 minim\u00e1lnu hodnotu 0,7, aby sme
    mohli poveda\u0165, \u017ee merac\u00ed n\u00e1stroj je presn\u00fd, polo\u017eky s\u00fa konzistentn\u00e9, resp. meraj\u00fa spo\u013eahlivo kon\u0161trukt pre ktor\u00fd s\u00fa ur\u010den\u00e9.<\/li><\/ul>

    Pri dichotomick\u00fdch polo\u017ek\u00e1ch<\/span> pou\u017e\u00edvame KUDER-RICHARDSONOV VZOREC (Cronbachova alfa upraven\u00e1 pre dichotomick\u00e9 sk\u00f3rovanie), ktor\u00fd interpretujeme a zad\u00e1vame v SPSS rovnako.
    Pokia\u013e je met\u00f3da viacdimenzion\u00e1lna, resp. zis\u0165uje r\u00f4zne dimenzie \u010di faktory jedn\u00e9ho
    kon\u0161truktu (napr. NEO-FFI, ktor\u00e9 meria p\u00e4\u0165 dimenzi\u00ed osobnosti), preverujeme reliabilitu pre jednotliv\u00e9 dimenzie zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165.<\/p>

    Postup v SPSS:<\/p>

      • ANALYZE\/ SCALE\/ RELIABILITY ANALYSIS: z \u013eav\u00e9ho v\u00fdberov\u00e9ho panela pres\u00favame polo\u017eky do \u010dasti ITEMS<\/strong>, v boxe \/MODEL zad\u00e1me ALPHA<\/strong>, po kliknut\u00ed na \/STATISTICS zad\u00e1me:
        • DESCRIPTIVES FOR: ITEM, SCALE, SCALE IF ITEM DELETED<\/strong><\/li>
        • INTER-ITEM: CORRELATIONS<\/strong><\/li>
        • SUMMARIES: CORRELATIONS<\/strong>, stla\u010d\u00edme \/OK.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>

          \u00a0<\/p>

          Interpret\u00e1cia:<\/p>

          • Zhodnot\u00edme ve\u013ekos\u0165 koeficientu, ktor\u00e1 by mala by\u0165 minim\u00e1lne 0,7 a n\u00e1sledne pos\u00fadime hodnoty pod\u013ea v\u00fdsledkov v \u010dasti (posledn\u00fd st\u013apec) SCALE IF ITEM DELETED \u2013 uk\u00e1\u017ee hodnoty, ktor\u00e9 dosiahne Alfa po vynechan\u00ed pr\u00edslu\u0161nej polo\u017eky a m\u00f4\u017eeme tak vyl\u00fa\u010di\u0165 tie, ktor\u00e9 reliabilitu zni\u017euj\u00fa (u t\u00fdchto bud\u00fa v poslednom st\u013apci vy\u0161\u0161ie hodnoty ako je aktu\u00e1lne vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 celkov\u00e1 hodnota).<\/li><\/ul>

            \u010eal\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom overenia reliability ako vn\u00fatornej konzistencie meracieho n\u00e1stroja je SPLIT-HALF reliabilita, kedy rozdel\u00edme polo\u017eky dotazn\u00edka na dve polovice a zis\u0165ujeme ich vz\u00e1jomn\u00fa interkorel\u00e1ciu. Vych\u00e1dzame pritom z predpokladu, \u017ee ke\u010f met\u00f3da meria spo\u013eahlivo jeden kon\u0161trukt, tak ho meraj\u00fa spo\u013eahlivo i jeho \u010dasti.<\/p>

            Postup v SPSS:<\/p>

              • ANALYZE\/ SCALE\/ RELIABILITY ANALYSIS: z \u013eav\u00e9ho v\u00fdberov\u00e9ho panela
                pres\u00favame polo\u017eky do \u010dasti ITEMS<\/strong>, v boxe MODEL zad\u00e1me SPLIT-HALF<\/strong> a stla\u010d\u00edme \/OK.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>

                \u00a0<\/p>

                Interpret\u00e1cia:<\/p>

                • Vo v\u00fdstupnej tabu\u013eke SPSS zhodnot\u00edme ve\u013ekos\u0165 Guttmanovho Split-Half Koeficientu, ktor\u00fd by mal by\u0165 minim\u00e1lne 0,7. V tabu\u013eke je automaticky vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 i hodnota Cronbachovej Alfy pre obe polovice a Pearsonov korela\u010dn\u00fd koeficient.<\/li><\/ul>


                  Uveden\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy overenia reliability ako vn\u00fatornej konzistencie predstavuj\u00fa minim\u00e1lne preverenie psychometrick\u00fdch charakterist\u00edk pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch met\u00f3d zberu \u00fadajov v z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00e1cach. \u010eal\u0161ie postupy s\u00fa bli\u017e\u0161ie \u0161pecifikovan\u00e9 v uveden\u00fdch odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00fdch zdrojoch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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                  ZHRNUTIE<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>Predpokladom realiz\u00e1cie v\u00fdskumu je pou\u017eitie tak\u00fdch met\u00f3d zberu d\u00e1t, ktor\u00fdch psychometrick\u00e9 charakteristiky \u2013 validita, reliabilita \u2013 bolo overen\u00e9.
                  \n<\/i>V pr\u00edpade aplik\u00e1cie star\u0161ej met\u00f3dy alebo prekladu jazykovo bl\u00edzkej verzie je potrebn\u00e9 minim\u00e1lne overenie reliability ako vn\u00fatornej konzistencie testu.
                  \n<\/i>Na overenie reliability pou\u017e\u00edvame koeficient CRONBACHOVA ALFA, ktor\u00fd vypo\u010d\u00edta interkorel\u00e1ciu polo\u017eiek met\u00f3dy alebo GUTTMANOVHO SPLIT -HALF koeficient pre overenie korel\u00e1cie dvoch \u010dast\u00ed sk\u00famanej met\u00f3dy
                  \n<\/i>Hodnoty koeficientov by mali by\u0165 minim\u00e1lne 0,7.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  \u0160TATISTIKA PRAKTICKY (NIELEN) V Z\u00c1VERE\u010cN\u00ddCH PR\u00c1CACH 5. PSYCHOMETRICK\u00c9 VLASTNOSTI A ICH TESTOVANIE S POMOCOU SPSS V praxi sa \u010dasto st\u00e1va, \u017ee prist\u00fapime vo v\u00fdskume k tvorbe vlastn\u00fdch merac\u00edch n\u00e1strojov (vr\u00e1tene prekladu zahrani\u010dnej metodiky), alebo pracujeme s n\u00e1strojom s\u00edce \u0161tandardizovan\u00fdm, ale star\u0161ieho vydania. V oboch pr\u00edpadoch plat\u00ed, \u017ee je potrebn\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 psychometrick\u00e9 preverenie takejto met\u00f3dy. Tvorba […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11107","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11107"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13495,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11107\/revisions\/13495"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}