{"id":11227,"date":"2025-10-24T14:20:12","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T12:20:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=11227"},"modified":"2025-11-25T14:00:56","modified_gmt":"2025-11-25T13:00:56","slug":"statistika-prakticky-7","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/statistika-prakticky-7\/","title":{"rendered":"Statistika-prakticky-7"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"11227\" class=\"elementor elementor-11227\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6f672ed elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"6f672ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bbeb470\" data-id=\"bbeb470\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d82f1ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d82f1ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0160TATISTIKA PRAKTICKY (NIELEN) V Z\u00c1VERE\u010cN\u00ddCH PR\u00c1CACH<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2858d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2858d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e63bd34\" data-id=\"e63bd34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b79421 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b79421\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb0ded5\" data-id=\"bb0ded5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-759b076 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"759b076\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">7. \u0160TATISTICK\u00c1 DESKRIPCIA<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9d5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aa9d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Z\u00e1kladom \u0161tatistick\u00e9ho vyhodnotenia vo v\u00fdskume je d\u00f4sledn\u00e1 deskripcia, teda popis premenn\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom vstupuj\u00fa do testovania, alebo s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre popis v\u00fdskumn\u00e9ho s\u00faboru. Deskripcia premenn\u00fdch m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam pre pos\u00fadenie relevancie v\u00fdsledkov, ktor\u00e9 z nich boli vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f00f16a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f00f16a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Napr\u00edklad, ke\u010f zis\u0165ujeme korel\u00e1ciu medzi inteligenciou a prosoci\u00e1lnym spr\u00e1van\u00edm, tak je pre vecn\u00fa interpret\u00e1ciu nevyhnutn\u00e9 vedie\u0165, ako boli v s\u00fabore zast\u00fapen\u00e9 jednotliv\u00e9 inteligen\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00e1sma, ak\u00fd bol rozsah hodn\u00f4t, \u010di i\u0161lo o s\u00fabor v r\u00e1mci normy alebo sk\u00f4r s nadpriemern\u00fdm intelektom a podobne.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-404b3c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"404b3c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Premenn\u00e9 popisujeme prostredn\u00edctvom deskript\u00edvnych charakterist\u00edk (ukazovate\u013eov, parametrov), ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa prakticky v\u00fdsledkom r\u00f4zne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch matematick\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed. V\u00fdsledky deskripcie zobrazujeme v deskript\u00edvnych tabu\u013ek\u00e1ch (frekven\u010dn\u00e9, deskript\u00edvne tabu\u013eky) a v grafoch. Deskript\u00edvne hodnoty v tabu\u013ek\u00e1ch a grafoch zaokr\u00fah\u013eujeme pod\u013ea ich rozsahu, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie na 1 alebo 2 desatinn\u00e9 miesta. <span class=\"footnote\" data-note=\"Napr. deskript\u00edvne hodnoty premennej v rozsahu 1-5 m\u00f4\u017eeme zaokr\u00fahli\u0165 na 2 desatinn\u00e9 miesta, preto\u017ee priemer \u010di SD m\u00f4\u017ee dosahova\u0165 desatinn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla, kde je interpreta\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam i na druhej desatinnej hodnote; pri premennej v rozsahu 50-150 bodov posta\u010duje zaokr\u00fahlenie na 1 desatinn\u00e9 miesto. V pr\u00e1ci treba pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 konzistentn\u00e9 zaokr\u00fah\u013eovanie deskri pt\u00edvnych hodn\u00f4t. Cel\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla (napr. medi\u00e1n, modus, ak s\u00fa cel\u00e9 hodnoty po\u010dtu bodov, \u201enasilu\u201c nezaokr\u00fah\u013eujeme.\">9<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f3c93b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f3c93b5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-df41328\" data-id=\"df41328\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb19483 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cb19483\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">7.1 Deskripcia kategorickej premennej \u2013 nomin\u00e1lnej, ordin\u00e1lnej<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b080f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b080f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Z\u00e1kladnou popisnou charakteristikou je <strong>PO\u010cETNOS\u0164<\/strong>. Po\u010detnos\u0165 (angl. Frequency) m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 aplikovan\u00e1 na v\u0161etky tri typy premenn\u00fdch (nomin\u00e1lne, ordin\u00e1lne, kardin\u00e1lne). Ide o postup, kedy ka\u017edej hodnote \u010di kateg\u00f3rii premennej prira\u010fujeme \u00fadaj, ko\u013ekokr\u00e1t sa t\u00e1to hodnota vyskytuje v s\u00fabore. V\u0161etky hodnoty s pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi po\u010detnos\u0165ami s\u00fa zobrazen\u00e9 v tzv. FREKVEN\u010cNEJ tabu\u013eke (Tabu\u013eka 2).<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>A. UNIVARIA\u010cN\u00c1 FREKVEN\u010cN\u00c1 ANAL\u00ddZA<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Univaria\u010dn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jav, premenn\u00fa charakterizujeme v jednom s\u00fabore (a nie v podskupin\u00e1ch).<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Postup v SPSS:<\/p><ul><li>ANALYZE\/ DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS\/ FREQENCIES, kde iba vlo\u017e\u00edme z \u013eav\u00e9ho panelu do okna <strong>VARIABLE(S)<\/strong> premenn\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 je treba frekven\u010dne vyhodnoti\u0165.<\/li><\/ul><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tabu\u013eka s v\u00fdsledkom frekven\u010dnej anal\u00fdzy obsahuje 5 st\u013apcov. V prvom s\u00fa n\u00e1zvy alebo k\u00f3dy pre kateg\u00f3rie premennej, nasleduje st\u013apec s pozorovan\u00fdmi (re\u00e1lnymi) po\u010detnos\u0165ami (ko\u013eko pr\u00edpadov spad\u00e1 pod kateg\u00f3riu), nasleduj\u00fa relat\u00edvne po\u010detnosti (%), validn\u00e9 percent\u00e1 a kumulat\u00edvne percent\u00e1. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Kumulat\u00edvne percent\u00e1<\/span> s\u00fa relevantn\u00e9 iba pri kardin\u00e1lnych premenn\u00fdch, pokia\u013e analyzujeme distrib\u00faciu premennej (napr. v psychometrick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Validn\u00e9 percent\u00e1<\/span> s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 vtedy, ak m\u00e1me v datab\u00e1ze pri danej premennej <strong>ch\u00fdbaj\u00face \u00fadaje<\/strong> (MISSING DATA), ako to je v pr\u00edklade v tabu\u013eke (Tabu\u013eka 2). M\u00f4\u017eeme vidie\u0165, \u017ee validn\u00e9 % s\u00fa po\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 zo 100% iba platn\u00fdch (VALID) pr\u00edpadov, teda bez zahrnutia ch\u00fdbaj\u00facich \u00fadajov; oby\u010dajn\u00e9 % zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa do celku (100%) aj ch\u00fdbaj\u00face \u00fadaje.<br \/><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Frekven\u010dn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza<\/span> je vhodn\u00e1 na popis <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">nomin\u00e1lnej premennej<\/span> (typ \u0161koly, pohlavie, typ rodiny at\u010f.) a v z\u00e1sade je to jedin\u00fd sp\u00f4sob deskripcie pri tomto type premennej. Rovnako ju m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165 pri <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ordin\u00e1lnej premennej<\/span> (ako je to v pr\u00edklade v Tabu\u013eke 2), av\u0161ak tento typ vieme popisova\u0165 aj \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi parametrami , ako s\u00fa miery stredu \u010di variability.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><strong>Interpret\u00e1cia tabu\u013eky<\/strong>:<br \/>V\u00fdsledky frekven\u010dnej anal\u00fdzy premennej odpoved\u00ed na ot\u00e1zku \u201eKo\u013eko m\u00e1te dobr\u00fdch priate\u013eov?\u201c uv\u00e1dzame v tabu\u013eke (Tabu\u013eka 2). V celom s\u00fabore na ot\u00e1zku neodpovedal 1 respondent (0,2%), z ostatn\u00fdch (validn\u00fdch) odpoved\u00ed bola najviac zast\u00fapen\u00e1 kateg\u00f3ria \u201eTroch a viac\u201c (38,5%), nasledovala kateg\u00f3ria \u201eP\u00e4\u0165 a viac\u201c (30,4%), takmer 1\/5 respondentov (19,1%) uviedla, \u017ee m\u00e1 dvoch dobr\u00fdch priate\u013eov, jedn\u00e9ho priate\u013ea 8,4% a najmenej \u2013 3,6% respondentov odpovedalo, \u017ee nem\u00e1 \u017eiadnych dobr\u00fdch priate\u013eov.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7a6954 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7a6954\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Tabu\u013eka 2 Frekven\u010dn\u00e1 tabu\u013eka pre kateg\u00f3rie odpoved\u00ed na ot\u00e1zku: Ko\u013eko m\u00e1te dobr\u00fdch priate\u013eov?<\/em><\/p><div style=\"width: 100%; background-color: white;\"><br \/><table style=\"width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: white; margin-left: 30px; font-size: 16px !important;\"><tbody><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; width: 52%; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\"><strong>Ko\u013eko m\u00e1te dobr\u00fdch priate\u013eov? <\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; width: 16%; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\">Po\u010detnos\u0165<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; width: 16%; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\">%<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; width: 16%; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\"><strong>Validn\u00e9 %<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\"><strong>\u017diadnych<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\">22<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">3,6<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">3,6<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\">Jedn\u00e9ho<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\">52<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">8,4<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">8,4<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\">Dvoch<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\">118<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">19,1<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">19,1<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\">Troch \u010di \u0161tyroch<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\">238<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">38,4<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">38,5<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\">P\u00e4\u0165 a viac<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\">188<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">30,4<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">30,4<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\">Ch\u00fdba<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\">1<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">0,2<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">Spolu<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">619<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">100<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c47f821 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c47f821\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pri univaria\u010dnom zobrazen\u00ed najm\u00e4 nomin\u00e1lnej (pr\u00edpadne aj ordin\u00e1lnej) premennej vol\u00edme <u>kol\u00e1\u010dov\u00fd graf<\/u> (Graf 1)<span class=\"footnote\" data-note=\"Kol\u00e1\u010dov\u00fd graf dok\u00e1\u017eeme vytvori\u0165 v Exceli z frekven\u010dnej tabu\u013eky po vlo\u017een\u00ed grafu pri ozna\u010den\u00ed oblasti, ktor\u00e1 je v Tabu\u013eke 2 siv\u00e1.\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11268\" src=\"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-01.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"708\" height=\"339\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-01.png 708w, https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-01-300x144.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 708px) 100vw, 708px\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Graf 1 Po\u010detnosti zast\u00fapenia kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed odpoved\u00ed na ot\u00e1zku: Ko\u013eko m\u00e1te bl\u00edzkych priate\u013eov?<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ab67c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ab67c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>B. BIVARIA\u010cN\u00c1 FREKVEN\u010cN\u00c1 ANAL\u00ddZA<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O bivaria\u010dnej deskripcii hovor\u00edme vtedy, pokia\u013e premenn\u00fa popisujeme vo viacer\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch (nie teda len v celom s\u00fabore), \u0161tandardne by sme mali bivaria\u010dne popisova\u0165 premenn\u00e9 najm\u00e4 vtedy, pokia\u013e ide o kompara\u010dn\u00fa (diferencia\u010dn\u00fa) \u0161t\u00fadiu, teda tak\u00fa, ktorej v\u00fdskumn\u00fd probl\u00e9m sa t\u00fdka porovnania skup\u00edn (napr. vekov\u00fd, gendrov\u00fd aspekt a pod.). V in\u00fdch typoch v\u00fdskumov sa niekedy pou\u017e\u00edva na zobrazenie charakterist\u00edk v\u00fdskumn\u00e9ho s\u00faboru v podskupin\u00e1ch mu\u017eov a \u017eien, ale samozrejme aj v in\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch, kedy je to vhodn\u00e9 a relevantn\u00e9 pre v\u00fdskum. Pokia\u013e rob\u00edme bivaria\u010dn\u00fa deskripciu v SPSS, mus\u00edme najsk\u00f4r rozdeli\u0165 s\u00fabor pr\u00edkazom SPLIT FILE (postup v kapitole 5.3), za\u0161krtneme <strong>COMPARE GROUPS<\/strong> a do okienka presunieme rozde\u013eovaciu premenn\u00fa (teda t\u00fa, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1m s\u00fabor del\u00ed na skupiny, v tomto pr\u00edpade Vekov\u00e1 skupina). Po aplik\u00e1cii (zapnut\u00ed) funkcie SPLIT FILE bud\u00fa v\u0161etky \u010fal\u0161ie v\u00fdsledky zadan\u00e9 v SPSS (testy, deskripcia, grafy a pod.) vypracovan\u00e9 samostatne pre skupiny ur\u010den\u00e9 zvolenou premennou (Pohlavie \u2013 Mu\u017ei\/ \u017deny; Vekov\u00e1 skupina \u2013 Do 15 rokov\/ 16 a viac rokov&#8230;), to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tabu\u013eky v OUTPUTe bud\u00fa ma\u0165 viac \u010dast\u00ed pod sebou, v ka\u017edej \u010dasti je v\u00fdsledok pre jednu skupinu<span class=\"footnote\" data-note=\"D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 pozn\u00e1mka: nezabudnite, \u017ee funkcia SPLIT FILE bude zapnut\u00e1, a\u017e pokia\u013e ju nevypnete, preto po vypracovan\u00ed deskripcie treba \u00eds\u0165 nasp\u00e4\u0165 do okna Data\/Split file\/ a tam funkciu vypn\u00fa\u0165 = za\u0161krtn\u00fa\u0165 prv\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 ANALYZE ALL CASES, DO NOT CREATE GROUPS, alebo \/RESET a odkliknete \/OK. Ak by ste to nespravili, program by nevedel aplikova\u0165 testovanie rozdielov medzi definovan\u00fdmi skupinami (Napr. Mann-Whitneyho test, T-test a pod.)\">11<\/span>, ako m\u00f4\u017eeme vidie\u0165 v zdvojenej frekven\u010dnej tabu\u013eke (Tabu\u013eka 3, je u\u017e upraven\u00e1, neobsahuje Valid a Cummulative %).<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><strong>Interpret\u00e1cia bivaria\u010dnej frekven\u010dnej tabu\u013eky a grafu:<\/strong><br \/>Deskripciu kategorickej premennej Prospech uv\u00e1dzame v tabu\u013eke (Tabu\u013eka 3), kde m\u00f4\u017eeme vidie\u0165 absol\u00fatne a relat\u00edvne po\u010detnosti zast\u00fapenia kateg\u00f3rii v dvoch porovn\u00e1van\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch. V oboch skupin\u00e1ch je najpo\u010detnej\u0161ou kateg\u00f3riou Nadpriemern\u00fd prospech, ktor\u00fd vykazuje v skupine Do 15 rokov 66,8% a v skupine 16 a viac rokov 55,1% respondentov, nasleduje kateg\u00f3ria Priemern\u00fd prospech, ktor\u00fd je zast\u00fapen\u00fd v star\u0161ej vekovej skupine v 43,8% a v mlad\u0161ej vekovej skupine v 32,4%. Najmenej po\u010detnou kateg\u00f3riou je Podpriemern\u00fd prospech, ktor\u00fd sa vyskytol v oboch skupin\u00e1ch v\u00fdnimo\u010dne, a to u dvoch respondentov zo skupiny Do 15 rokov (0,8%) a u \u0161tyroch respondentov zo skupiny 16 a viac rokov (1,1%). Grafick\u00e9 zobrazenie v\u00fdsledkov frekven\u010dnej anal\u00fdzy premennej Prospech je spracovan\u00e9 v grafe (Graf 2).<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4129e88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4129e88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Tabu\u013eka 3 Frekven\u010dn\u00e1 tabu\u013eka pre kateg\u00f3rie Prospechu v 2 skupin\u00e1ch vzh\u013eadom na vek<\/em><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"width: 100%; background-color: white;\">\n<table style=\"width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: white; margin-left: 30px; font-size: 16px !important;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background-color: white;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; width: 52%; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\"><strong>Vekov\u00e1 skupina <\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; width: 16%; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\">Prospech<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; width: 16%; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\">Po\u010detnos\u0165<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; width: 16%; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\"><strong>%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: white;\">\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\"><strong>Do 15 rokov<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Nadpriem.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">165<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">66,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: white;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Priem.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">80<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">32,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: white;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Podpriem.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">0,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: white;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">Spolu<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">247<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: white;\">\n<td rowspan=\"4\" style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\"><strong>16 a viac rokov <\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Nadpriem.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">205 <\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">55,1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: white;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Priem.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">163<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">43,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: white;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Podpriem.<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">1,1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: white;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">Spolu<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">372 <\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dd5998 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3dd5998\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Tabu\u013eka 4 Usporiadanie \u00fadajov potrebn\u00e9 pre vytvorenie zlo\u017een\u00e9ho st\u013apcov\u00e9ho grafu v Exceli<\/em><span class=\"footnote\" data-note=\"Do zlo\u017een\u00e9ho st\u013apcov\u00e9ho grafu je vhodn\u00e9 zada\u0165 relat\u00edvne po\u010detnosti, teda percent\u00e1, aby pri zobrazen\u00ed nedo\u0161lo k skresleniu z d\u00f4vodu rozdielneho po\u010dtu respondentov v skupin\u00e1ch. Graf vytvor\u00edme (vlo\u017e\u00edme) po ozna\u010den\u00ed tej oblasti tabu\u013eky (Tabu\u013eka 4), ktor\u00e1 je v tomto pr\u00edklade siv\u00e1 (teda cel\u00e1 upraven\u00e1 tabu\u013eka).\">12<\/span><\/p><div style=\"width: 100%; background-color: white;\"><table style=\"width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: white; margin-left: 30px; font-size: 16px !important;\"><tbody><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; width: 50%; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\">\u00a0<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; width: 25%; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\"><strong>Do 15 rokov<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; width: 25%; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\"><strong>16 a viac rokov<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\"><strong>Nadpriem.<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\">66,8<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\">55,1<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\"><strong>Priem.<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\">32,4<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-style: none;\">43,8<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\"><strong>Podpriem.<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">0,8<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: #d8d8d8; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">1,1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c0fca4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c0fca4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pre bivaria\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie kategorick\u00fdch premenn\u00fdch (nomin\u00e1lnej \u010di ordin\u00e1lnej) je vhodn\u00fd <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">zlo\u017een\u00fd st\u013apcov\u00fd graf<\/span> (Graf 2).<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11318 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-02.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"752\" height=\"417\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-02.png 752w, https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-02-300x166.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 752px) 100vw, 752px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Graf 2 Zobrazenie relat\u00edvnych po\u010detnost\u00ed (%) zast\u00fapenia kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed Prospechu v dvoch vekov\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-50d710f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50d710f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-776f73c\" data-id=\"776f73c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d654d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9d654d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">7.2 Deskripcia kvantitat\u00edvnej premennej - kardin\u00e1lnej, pr\u00edpadne ordin\u00e1lne<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe9a529 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe9a529\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kvantitat\u00edvnymi premenn\u00fdmi naz\u00fdvame tie, ktor\u00e9 svojou hodnotou vyjadruj\u00fa mieru, mno\u017estvo intenzitu javu u jednotlivca, a teda na z\u00e1klade nich vieme ur\u010di\u0165, u koho je nie\u010do silnej\u0161ie, vy\u0161\u0161ie, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie, intenz\u00edvnej\u0161ie, viac p\u00f4sob\u00ed, ne\u017e u niekoho in\u00e9ho, na z\u00e1klade nich teda vieme respondentov aj usporiada\u0165 pod\u013ea hodn\u00f4t od najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej po najmen\u0161iu \u010di naopak. Pod\u013ea presnosti mo\u017enosti ur\u010dovania rozdielov medzi jednotlivcami rozli\u0161ujeme kvantitat\u00edvne premenn\u00e9 na ORDIN\u00c1LNE a KARDIN\u00c1LNE (viac v kapitole 2.1).<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>A. UNIVARIA\u010cN\u00c1 DESKRIPT\u00cdVNA ANAL\u00ddZA KARDIN\u00c1LNEJ PREMENNEJ<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kardin\u00e1lne, v\u00fdnimo\u010dne aj ordin\u00e1lne premenn\u00e9 (ak to je relevantn\u00e9 a interpretovate\u013en\u00e9), popisujeme prostredn\u00edctvom deskript\u00edvnych charakterist\u00edk nieko\u013ek\u00fdch druhov, ide o: miery stredu (aritmetick\u00fd priemer \u2013 AM, medi\u00e1n \u2013 Med., Modus \u2013 Mod.); miery variability (\u0161tandardn\u00e1 odch\u00fdlka \u2013 \u0160O; rozptyl (je druh\u00e1 mocnina \u0160O), rozsah (rozp\u00e4tie medzi Max a Min), medzikvartilov\u00e9 rozp\u00e4tie); a miery tvaru (\u0161ikmos\u0165, strmos\u0165).<br \/>DESKRIPT\u00cdVNU tabu\u013eku (Tabu\u013eka 5), ktor\u00e1 obsahuje deskript\u00edvne ukazovatele v SPSS zad\u00e1me takto:<\/p><ul><li>ANALYZE\/ DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS\/ FREQUENCIES: tu v\u0161ak okrem presunutia premennej (pr\u00edpadne viacer\u00fdch, v tomto pr\u00edpade Prosoci\u00e1lne spr\u00e1vanie) do okna <strong>VARIABLE(S)<\/strong> mus\u00edme rozklikn\u00fa\u0165 \/STATISTICS, kde ozna\u010d\u00edme v\u0161etky charakteristiky, ktor\u00e9 chceme ma\u0165 v tabu\u013eke (najm\u00e4 <strong>MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE, QUARTILES, STD.DEVIATION, MINIMUM, MAXIMUM<\/strong>, pr\u00edpadne <strong>SKEWNESS<\/strong> a <strong>KURTOSIS<\/strong>, alebo aj in\u00e9) po kliknut\u00ed na \/CONTINUE v okne Frequencies m\u00f4\u017eeme <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">zru\u0161i\u0165<\/span> za\u0161krtnutie DISPLAY FREQUENCY TABLE (frekven\u010dn\u00fa tabu\u013eku nepotrebujeme), \/OK.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06a1f33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06a1f33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><strong>Interpret\u00e1cia tabu\u013eky:<\/strong><br>\nV tabu\u013eke (Tabu\u013eka 5) uv\u00e1dzame deskript\u00edvne charakteristiky premennej Prosoci\u00e1lne spr\u00e1vanie. Ako je mo\u017en\u00e9 vidie\u0165, validn\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t bolo N = 612, ch\u00fdbalo 7 \u00fadajov. Respondenti v celom s\u00fabore dosahovali priemerne 35,0 bodov (\u0160O = 6,5), medi\u00e1n je 36 a modus 35 bodov. Najni\u017e\u0161ia hodnota vyskytuj\u00faca sa v s\u00fabore bola 11, najvy\u0161\u0161ia 70 bodov a medzikvartilov\u00e9 rozp\u00e4tie sa nach\u00e1dza medzi 32 a 40 bodmi.V tabu\u013eke (Tabu\u013eka 5) uv\u00e1dzame deskript\u00edvne charakteristiky premennej Prosoci\u00e1lne spr\u00e1vanie. Ako je mo\u017en\u00e9 vidie\u0165, validn\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t bolo N = 612, ch\u00fdbalo 7 \u00fadajov. Respondenti v celom s\u00fabore dosahovali priemerne 35,0 bodov (\u0160O = 6,5), medi\u00e1n je\n36 a modus 35 bodov. Najni\u017e\u0161ia hodnota vyskytuj\u00faca sa v s\u00fabore bola 11, najvy\u0161\u0161ia 70 bodov a medzikvartilov\u00e9 rozp\u00e4tie sa nach\u00e1dza medzi 32 a 40 bodmi.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9017f6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9017f6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Tabu\u013eka 5 Deskript\u00edvna tabu\u013eka pre premenn\u00fa Prosoci\u00e1lne spr\u00e1vanie v celom s\u00fabore<\/em><\/p><div style=\"width: 60%; background-color: white; margin: 0 auto;\"><table style=\"width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: white; margin-left: 30px; font-size: 16px !important; text-align: center;\"><tbody><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; width: 50%; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\">%<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; width: 50%; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\"><strong>Validn\u00e9 %<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">N<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">612<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Ch\u00fdba<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">7<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Priemer<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">35,0<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Medi\u00e1n<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">36<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Modus<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">35<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">\u0160td.odch.<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">6,5<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Minimum.<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">11<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Maximum<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">44<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">1. kvartil<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">32<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">3. kvartil<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">40<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Univaria\u010dne m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 kardin\u00e1lna premenn\u00e1 zobrazen\u00e1 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">histogramom<\/span> (Graf 3) alebo <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">boxplotom<\/span> (Graf 4).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8555ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8555ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Histogram je mo\u017en\u00e9 prelo\u017ei\u0165 krivkou normality (Normal curve) a t\u00fdm odhadova\u0165 normalitu premennej, pokia\u013e krivka kop\u00edruje rozlo\u017eenie st\u013apcov, \u010do v tomto pr\u00edpade nie je splnen\u00e9. V grafe tie\u017e vid\u00edme minim\u00e1lne, maxim\u00e1lne hodnoty, modus (najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed st\u013apec), priemer (vrchol krivky); zo\u0161ikmenie a splo\u0161tenie grafu (skewness a kurtosis), v tomto pr\u00edpade ide o pravostrann\u00e9 zo\u0161ikmenie. V boxplote sa zo\u0161ikmenie uk\u00e1\u017ee v umiestnen\u00ed boxu (v tomto pr\u00edpade) vy\u0161\u0161ie od stredu), zobrazen\u00e9 je minimum, maximum, kvartily, hrani\u010dn\u00e9 hodnoty (mimo 95% intervalu spo\u013eahlivosti) s\u00fa vyzna\u010den\u00e9 kr\u00fa\u017ekami, extr\u00e9my by mali symbol hviezdi\u010dky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92c2bcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"92c2bcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11361 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-03.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"624\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-03.png 624w, https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-03-300x245.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Graf 3 Histogram zobrazuj\u00faci rozdelenie premennej Prosoci\u00e1lne spr\u00e1vanie<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e277336 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e277336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11363 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-04.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"613\" height=\"505\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-04.png 613w, https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-04-300x247.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 613px) 100vw, 613px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Graf 4 Boxplot zobrazuj\u00faci deskript\u00edvne parametre premennej Prosoci\u00e1lne spr\u00e1vanie<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f1d6a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f1d6a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>B. BIVARIA\u010cN\u00c1 DESKRIPT\u00cdVNA ANAL\u00ddZA KARDIN\u00c1LNEJ PREMENNEJ<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bivaria\u010dne premenn\u00fa popisujeme vtedy, pokia\u013e je v\u00fdskum nastaven\u00fd kompara\u010dne,teda v\u00fdskumn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom je h\u013eadanie rozdielov medzi skupinami. Podobne ako\npri kategorickej premennej, aj tu mus\u00edme najsk\u00f4r s\u00fabor rozdeli\u0165 na skupiny prostredn\u00edctvom pr\u00edkazu SPLIT FILE (vi\u010f kapitola 4.4), kde ozna\u010d\u00edme <strong>COMPARE GROUPS<\/strong> a zad\u00e1me rozde\u013eovaciu premenn\u00fa (t\u00fa, ktor\u00e1 s\u00fabor rozde\u013euje na skupiny, v tomto pr\u00edpade Vekov\u00e1 skupina). Potom realizujeme vytvorenie deskript\u00edvnej tabu\u013eky (v tomto pr\u00edpade je premennou Podpora od u\u010dite\u013ea), ktor\u00e1 u\u017e teraz bude ma\u0165\nviac \u010dast\u00ed \u2013 pre ka\u017ed\u00fa skupinu samostatne ( Tabu\u013eka 6, je u\u017e mierne upraven\u00e1, vymazan\u00e9 s\u00fa nadbyto\u010dn\u00e9 st\u013apce a riadky).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3aa509 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e3aa509\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Tabu\u013eka 6 Deskript\u00edvna tabu\u013eka pre premenn\u00fa Podpora od u\u010dite\u013ea v dvoch skupin\u00e1ch vzh\u013eadom na vek<\/em><\/p><div style=\"width: 60%; background-color: white; margin: 0 auto;\"><table style=\"width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: white; margin-left: 30px; font-size: 16px !important; text-align: center;\"><tbody><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; width: 50%; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\"><strong>Vekov\u00e1 skupina<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; width: 50%; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Podpora od u\u010dite\u013ea<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\" rowspan=\"10\">Do 15 rokov<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">N<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">244<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Ch\u00fdba<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">3<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Priemer<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">20,7<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Medi\u00e1n<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">21<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Modus<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">20<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">\u0160td.odch.<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">3,7<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Minimum.<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">11<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Maximum<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">32<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">1. kvartil<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">19<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">3. kvartil<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">23<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\" rowspan=\"10\">16 a viac rokov<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">N<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">371<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Ch\u00fdba<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">1<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Priemer<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">20,3<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Medi\u00e1n<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">20<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Modus<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">19,0a<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">\u0160td.odch.<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">3,9<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Minimum.<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">8<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Maximum<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">31<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">1. kvartil<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">18<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">3. kvartil<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none;\">23<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Pozn.: a \u2013 viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 modusy, najni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je zobrazen\u00fd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d735758 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d735758\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><strong>Interpret\u00e1cia deskript\u00edvnej bivaria\u010dnej tabu\u013eky:<\/strong><br \/>V\u00fdsledky deskript\u00edvnej bivaria\u010dnej anal\u00fdzy premennej Podpora od u\u010dite\u013ea uv\u00e1dzame v tabu\u013eke (Tabu\u013eka 6). V mlad\u0161ej skupine (Do 15 rokov) dosahovala hodnota Podpory od u\u010dite\u013ea priemerne 20,7 bodov (\u0160O = 3, 7), pri medi\u00e1ne 21 a moduse 20 bodov. Podobn\u00e9 hodnoty nach\u00e1dzame aj v star\u0161ej vekovej skupine (16 a viac rokov), kde evidujeme priemer 20,3 bodov (\u0160O = 3,9), medi\u00e1n o bod ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e v mlad\u0161ej skupine \u2013 20 a viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 modusy, z ktor\u00fdch najni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je 19 bodov. Pri deskripcii rozsahu m\u00f4\u017eeme vidie\u0165 ni\u017e\u0161ie parametre v star\u0161ej vekovej skupine, a to minimum 8 bodov, v porovnan\u00ed s 11 bodmi u respondentov do 15 rokov a maximum 31, \u010do je o jeden bod menej ne\u017e v mlad\u0161ej vekovej skupine (32). Medzikvartilov\u00e9 rozp\u00e4tie j e v\u0161ak v skupin\u00e1ch podobn\u00e9, v skupine do 15 rokov sa nach\u00e1dza medzi 19 a 23 bodmi a v skupine 16 a viac rokov medzi 18 a 23 bodmi.<br \/><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bdde7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5bdde7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bivaria\u010dn\u00fa deskript\u00edvnu tabu\u013eku m\u00f4\u017eeme zobrazi\u0165 aj \u00faspornej\u0161ie, ke\u010f v\u00fdsledky k\u00a0 skupin\u00e1m umiestnime do st\u013apcov ve\u013ea seba (Tabu\u013eka 7).<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Tabu\u013eka 7 Alternat\u00edvne zobrazenie deskript\u00edvnej tabu\u013eky pre dve skupiny aj cel\u00fd s\u00fabor<\/em><\/p><div style=\"width: 100%; background-color: white;\"><table style=\"width: 90%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: white; margin-left: 30px; font-size: 16px !important; text-align: center;\"><tbody><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none;\" colspan=\"4\"><strong>Vekov\u00e1 skupina<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-top-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\" width=\"25%\"><strong>Podpora od u\u010dite\u013ea<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\" width=\"25%\"><strong>Do 15 rokov<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\" width=\"25%\"><strong>16 a viac rokov<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-top-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none;\" width=\"25%\"><strong>Cel\u00fd s\u00fabor<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">N<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">244<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">371<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">615<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Ch\u00fdba<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">3<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">1<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">4<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Priemer<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">20,67<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">20,37<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">20,50<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Medi\u00e1n<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">21<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">20<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">20<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Modus<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">20<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">19a<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">20<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">\u0160td.odch\u00fdlka<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">3,68<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">3,93<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">3,81<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Minimum<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">11<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">8<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">8<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">Maximum<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">32<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">31<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">32<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">1. kvartil<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">19<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">18<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-style: none;\">18<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: white;\"><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;\">3. kvartil<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;\">23<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;\">23<\/td><td style=\"padding: 4px; background-color: white; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none;\">23<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Pozn.: a \u2013 viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 modusy, najni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je zobrazen\u00fd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e0a7aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e0a7aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"tet-align: justify;\">Bivaria\u010dn\u00fa deskipciu kardin\u00e1lnej premennej m\u00f4\u017eeme vhodne zn\u00e1zorni\u0165 grafom <u>boxplotom<\/u> (Graf 5, av\u0161ak nesmieme predt\u00fdm zabudn\u00fa\u0165 <u>vypn\u00fa\u0165<\/u> SPLIT FILE) alebo dvoma <u>histogramami<\/u> (Graf 6), alebo v MS Excel jednoducho <u>kombin\u00e1ciou st\u013apcov\u00e9ho a \u010diarov\u00e9ho grafu<\/u> (Graf 7)<\/p>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11426 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-05.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"688\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-05.png 688w, https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-05-300x228.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 688px) 100vw, 688px\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Graf 5 Boxplot zobrazuj\u00faci deskript\u00edvne parametre premennej Podpora od u\u010dite\u013ea v dvoch vekov\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch<\/em><\/p>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11427 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-06.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"744\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-06.png 744w, https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-06-300x188.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Graf 6 Histogramy zobrazuj\u00face rozdelenie premennej Podpora od u\u010dite\u013ea v dvoch vekov\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch<\/em><\/p>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11428 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-07.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"724\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-07.png 724w, https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/statistika-prakticky-07-07-300x185.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Graf 7 Zobrazenie deskript\u00edvnych charakterist\u00edk premennej Podpora od u\u010dite\u013ea vo vekov\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-400c18b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"400c18b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-53bad9a\" data-id=\"53bad9a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b01646 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6b01646\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00daLOHY<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1e595e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1e595e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol start=\"3\"><li>Ako naz\u00fdvame anal\u00fdzy, ktor\u00e9 realizujeme v r\u00e1mci popisu premenn\u00fdch a ak\u00fd je ich v\u00fdznam?<\/li><li>\u010co znamen\u00e1, ak je anal\u00fdza bivaria\u010dn\u00e1? Ak\u00fd pr\u00edkaz v SPSS je potrebn\u00e9 aplikova\u0165 pred samotn\u00fdm zadan\u00edm anal\u00fdzy, aby bola bivaria\u010dn\u00e1?&lt;l\/i&gt;<\/li><li>Zopakujte si:<br \/><ul class=\"jv-bullets\"><li>Ak\u00fdmi charakteristikami popisujeme kategorick\u00e9 (N, pr\u00edpadne O) premenn\u00e9, ako sa naz\u00fdva pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd typ tabu\u013eky?<\/li><li>Ak\u00fdmi grafmi je mo\u017en\u00e9 zobrazi\u0165 kategorick\u00fa premenn\u00fa univaria\u010dne, ak\u00fdm grafom bivaria\u010dne?<\/li><li>Ak\u00fdmi charakteristikami m\u00f4\u017eeme pop\u00edsa\u0165 kvantitat\u00edvnu ordin\u00e1lnu a ak\u00fdmi kardin\u00e1lnu premenn\u00fa, ako naz\u00fdvame pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd typ tabu\u013eky ?<\/li><li>Ak\u00e9 grafy pou\u017e\u00edvame na univaria\u010dn\u00e9 a bivaria\u010dn\u00e9 zobrazenie kvantitat\u00edvnych ordin\u00e1lnych a ak\u00e9 na zobrazenie kardin\u00e1lnych premenn\u00fdch?<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Uva\u017eujte, kde v\u0161ade sa v be\u017enom \u017eivote \u010di v m\u00e9di\u00e1ch stret\u00e1vame s v\u00fdsledkami<br \/>deskript\u00edvnych anal\u00fdz?<ul class=\"jv-bullets\"><li>Sk\u00faste sformulova\u0165 v\u00fdskumn\u00fd probl\u00e9m v oblasti psychol\u00f3gie, pre ktor\u00fd rie\u0161enie by bola posta\u010duj\u00faca deskript\u00edvna anal\u00fdza.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Precvi\u010dte si deskripciu kategorickej (N \u010di O) premennej, s pou\u017eit\u00edm cvi\u010dnej alebo vlastnej datab\u00e1zy:<br \/><ul class=\"jv-bullets\"><li>Univaria\u010dne.<\/li><li>Bivaria\u010dne.<\/li><li>Tabu\u013eku upravte pod\u013ea vzoru a interpretujte.<\/li><li>Vypracujte pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 grafy v SPSS alebo v Exceli.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Precvi\u010dte si deskripciu kvantitat\u00edvnej (K \u010di O) premennej, s pou\u017eit\u00edm cvi\u010dnej alebo vlastnej datab\u00e1zy:<br \/><ul class=\"jv-bullets\"><li>Univaria\u010dne.<\/li><li>Bivaria\u010dne.<\/li><li>Tabu\u013eku upravte pod\u013ea vzoru a interpretujte.<\/li><li>Vypracujte pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 grafy v SPSS alebo v Exceli.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160TATISTIKA PRAKTICKY (NIELEN) V Z\u00c1VERE\u010cN\u00ddCH PR\u00c1CACH 7. \u0160TATISTICK\u00c1 DESKRIPCIA Z\u00e1kladom \u0161tatistick\u00e9ho vyhodnotenia vo v\u00fdskume je d\u00f4sledn\u00e1 deskripcia, teda popis premenn\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom vstupuj\u00fa do testovania, alebo s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre popis v\u00fdskumn\u00e9ho s\u00faboru. Deskripcia premenn\u00fdch m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam pre pos\u00fadenie relevancie v\u00fdsledkov, ktor\u00e9 z nich boli vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 Napr\u00edklad, ke\u010f zis\u0165ujeme korel\u00e1ciu medzi inteligenciou a prosoci\u00e1lnym spr\u00e1van\u00edm, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11227","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11227","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11227"}],"version-history":[{"count":256,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13553,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11227\/revisions\/13553"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}