{"id":12703,"date":"2025-11-11T15:13:28","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T14:13:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=12703"},"modified":"2025-11-12T08:43:03","modified_gmt":"2025-11-12T07:43:03","slug":"jazykova-kultura-6-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/jazykova-kultura-6-1\/","title":{"rendered":"jazykova-kultura-6-1"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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JAZYKOV\u00c1 KULT\u00daRA \u2014 P\u00cdSOMN\u00dd A \u00daSTNY PREJAV<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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6.1 Bodka, dvojbodka, tri bodky<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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BODKA (.)<\/strong><\/p>

Bodkou sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ozna\u010duje zakon\u010denie viet a\u00a0s\u00favet\u00ed. M\u00e1 vy\u010dle\u0148ovaciu <\/em><\/strong>a\u00a0od\u010dle\u0148ovaciu<\/em><\/strong> funkciu. Bodkou sa nazna\u010duje aj skr\u00e1tenie slova, alebo aj to, \u017ee ide o\u00a0radov\u00fa \u010d\u00edslovku. Za bodkou sa zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a kladie medzera. Bodka sa vyu\u017e\u00edva aj v n\u00e1soben\u00ed, kde sa d\u00e1va pred aj za bodkou medzera. Bez medzier sa bodka p\u00ed\u0161e v \u010dasovom \u00fadaji (23.55 hod.<\/em>) a pri odde\u013eovan\u00ed skup\u00edn a podskup\u00edn. Bodka m\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00e9 opodstatnenie v\u00a0adrese internetovej dom\u00e9ny a\u00a0aj v mejlovej adrese sa bodka odde\u013euje bez medzery.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bodka sa p\u00ed\u0161e:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

\u2014 na konci<\/strong> oznamovacej vety alebo s\u00favetia, ale aj za osamostatnen\u00fdm vetn\u00fdm \u010dlenom, napr. Slovensko je vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t v strednej Eur\u00f3pe.<\/em>, Hlavn\u00fdm a najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm mestom je Bratislava, \u00faradn\u00fdm jazykom je sloven\u010dina.<\/em>;<\/p>

\u00a0\u2014 na konci <\/strong>rozkazovacej vety, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 charakter prosby, \u017eiadosti, rady, pokynu, odpor\u00fa\u010dania, alebo na konci \u017eelacej vety (na jej konci m\u00f4\u017eeme p\u00edsa\u0165 aj v\u00fdkri\u010dn\u00edk), napr. Vyh\u013eadajte vo vet\u00e1ch podmet a pr\u00edsudok.<\/em>, Nech je po tvojom.<\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 za skratkou<\/strong> (rodn\u00e9ho mena a\u00a0priezviska \u010di zemepisn\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu), napr. a\u00a0i.<\/em>, MUDr.<\/em>, hod.<\/em>, M. R. \u0160.<\/em>, B. Bystrica<\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 za \u010d\u00edslicami<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sa p\u00ed\u0161u namiesto radovej \u010d\u00edslovky alebo ktor\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00fa kapitoly a podkapitoly (po prv\u00e9, po druh\u00e9), rovnako za ve\u013ek\u00fdm p\u00edsmenom, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edva na ozna\u010denie skupiny alebo podskupiny (za poslednou \u010d\u00edslicou alebo p\u00edsmenom sa bodka p\u00edsa\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee aj nemus\u00ed), napr. 2.2\/2.2. (druh\u00e1 podkapitola)<\/em>, Jozef II.<\/em> (Jozef Druh\u00fd).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bodka sa nep\u00ed\u0161e:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

\u2014 za menom<\/strong>, n\u00e1zvom <\/strong>a\u00a0nadpisom<\/strong> (ale za n\u00e1zvom \u010dl\u00e1nku, podkapitoly a pod., za ktor\u00fdm sa hne\u010f za\u010d\u00edna text, sa bodka p\u00ed\u0161e), napr. N\u00e1mestie Slovensk\u00e9ho\u00a0 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho povstania<\/em>, Martin Kuku\u010d\u00edn<\/em>, Dom v\u00a0str\u00e1ni<\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 za ur\u010den\u00edm miesta a d\u00e1tumu<\/strong> umiesten\u00fdm osobitne (v osobitnom riadku), napr.<\/p>

Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica 14. 2. 2017<\/em><\/p>

Bratislava 3. 3. 2017 <\/em><\/p>

\u2014 za inici\u00e1lov\u00fdmi skratkami <\/strong>a\u00a0zna\u010dkami<\/strong>, napr. SAD<\/em>, m<\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 v \u00faradnom tla\u010dive za doplnen\u00fdm \u00fadajom<\/strong>, napr.<\/p>

Rodn\u00e9 meno a priezvisko: Jana Biela<\/em><\/p>

D\u00e1tum narodenia: 19. 12. 1991<\/em><\/p>

N\u00e1rodnos\u0165: slovensk\u00e1<\/em><\/p>

\u2014 za \u010d\u00edslicou<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 ozna\u010duje z\u00e1kladn\u00fa \u010d\u00edslovku, stojacu za nadraden\u00fdm menom, napr. uznesenie \u010d. 5<\/em> (uznesenie \u010d\u00edslo p\u00e4\u0165).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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DVOJBODKA (:)<\/strong><\/p>

Dvojbodka pln\u00ed vy\u010dle\u0148ovaciu<\/em><\/strong> aj prip\u00e1jaciu<\/em><\/strong> (po dvojbodke bude nasledova\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdraz alebo veta) funkciu. P\u00ed\u0161e sa bezprostredne za slovom bez vynechania medzery a\u00a0medzera sa vynech\u00e1va a\u017e za dvojbodkou.<\/p>

Dvojbodka sa p\u00ed\u0161e:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

\u2014 za vetou alebo v\u00fdrazom, ktor\u00e9 uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa priamu re\u010d<\/strong>, napr. Povedala mi tieto slov\u00e1: <\/strong>\u201eD\u00e1vaj si na neho pozor!\u201c<\/em>,<\/p>

\u2014 v jednoduchej vete alebo v s\u00favet\u00ed pred \u010das\u0165ou, ktor\u00e1 predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facu \u010das\u0165 vysvet\u013euje, rozv\u00e1dza, dop\u013a\u0148a<\/strong>, resp. vo vetnej peri\u00f3de na oddelenie jej \u010dast\u00ed, napr. Sme u\u017e na v\u0161etko d\u00f4kladne pripraven\u00ed:<\/strong> m\u00e1me pl\u00e1n A\u00a0aj B.<\/em>, Na predn\u00e1\u0161ke som zavrel o\u010di:<\/strong>\u00a0usiloval som sa nejako vizualizova\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00fd v\u00fdklad.<\/em>;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pozn\u00e1mka<\/strong><\/p>

Namiesto dvojbodky by bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 da\u0165 aj dop\u013a\u0148acie alebo vysvet\u013eovacie v\u00fdrazy, napr. to jest (t. j.)<\/em><\/strong>, toti\u017e, a to<\/strong>, ve\u010f<\/strong>, lebo<\/strong><\/em> at\u010f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u2014 pred v\u00fdpo\u010dtom <\/strong>niektor\u00fdch \u010dlenov v\u00fdrazu, najm\u00e4 ak uv\u00e1dzacia veta sama o sebe nem\u00e1 zmysel, napr. Slovo sedlo m\u00e1 tri v\u00fdznamy: <\/strong>1. pom\u00f4cka na sedenie, 2. horsk\u00fd \u00fatvar v\u00a0tvare sedla a\u00a03. poklesnut\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 krivky ozna\u010duj\u00facej \u010dasov\u00fd postup<\/em>.;<\/p>

\u2014 na vyjadrenie pomeru<\/strong>, napr. so\u013e s\u00a0cukrom zmie\u0161am v\u00a0pomere 2 :<\/strong> 1<\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 v bibliografickom \u00fadaji<\/strong> za menom citovan\u00e9ho autora, napr. DOLN\u00cdK, J.: Lexikol\u00f3gia<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pozn\u00e1mka<\/strong><\/p>

Pri vyjadren\u00ed pomeru a\u00a0rovnako v bibliografick\u00fdch \u00fadajoch za mestom, v ktorom bola publik\u00e1cia vydan\u00e1, p\u00ed\u0161eme dvojbodku oddelene od slov stojacich ved\u013ea nej, teda sa medzera vynech\u00e1va pred aj za dvojbodkou, napr. Bratislava :<\/strong> VEDA, 2025<\/em>, \u0160panielsko \u2014 Taliansko 0 :<\/strong> 2<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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TRI BODKY (…)<\/strong><\/p>

Interpunk\u010dn\u00e9 znamienko tri bodky sa vyu\u017e\u00edva na vypustenie<\/strong> \u010dasti prejavu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pozn\u00e1mka<\/strong><\/p>

Ak sa vkladaj\u00fa do vety na znak vypustenej \u010dasti, umiest\u0148uj\u00fa sa do z\u00e1tvoriek (…), napr. Homonym\u00e1 (…) <\/strong>maj\u00fa rovnak\u00fa podobu, ale odli\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Porovnanie<\/strong><\/p>

Tri bodky:<\/p>

\u2014 na za\u010diatku <\/strong>vety sa odde\u013euj\u00fa medzerou, napr. …<\/em><\/strong> to ho zasiahlo<\/em>,<\/p>

\u2014 uprostred <\/strong>vety sa odde\u013euj\u00fa medzerou pred druhou \u010das\u0165ou vety, napr. Lexikol\u00f3gia…<\/strong> je aj n\u00e1uka o\u00a0v\u00fdzname slov.<\/em>,<\/p>

\u2014 na konci<\/strong> vety sa p\u00ed\u0161u bez medzery z\u013eava, napr. Nec\u00edti ten \u017eia\u013e, c\u00edti, \u017ee…<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tri bodky sa p\u00ed\u0161u:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

\u2014 na ozna\u010denie vzru\u0161enej, preru\u0161ovanej <\/strong>alebo prer\u00fdvanej re\u010di<\/strong>, napr. \u017dobr\u00e1kmi budeme bez vlasti…<\/strong><\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 na konci samostatnej vety alebo s\u00favetia, ke\u010f autor prejavu \u00famyselne nedokon\u010d\u00ed<\/strong> svoj prejav, lebo sa mu zd\u00e1 niektor\u00fd v\u00fdraz nevhodn\u00fd, nepresn\u00fd, nevie, ako v jazykovom prejave pokra\u010dova\u0165, alebo je prejav preru\u0161en\u00fd<\/strong> inou udalos\u0165ou alebo osobou, napr. Myslel to dobre, ale…<\/strong><\/em>, Povedal si mu to? Po…<\/strong><\/em>;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pozn\u00e1mka<\/strong><\/p>

Namiesto troch bodiek mo\u017eno v\u00a0t\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch pou\u017ei\u0165 aj poml\u010dku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u2014 v\u00a0cit\u00e1te <\/strong>a parafr\u00e1ze<\/strong>, ke\u010f je z nich vypusten\u00e1 \u010das\u0165, ktor\u00e1 v danej v\u00fdpovedi nie je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1, napr. Hovorov\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl…<\/strong> sa pou\u017e\u00edva na neofici\u00e1lnu komunik\u00e1ciu.<\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 namiesto vypusten\u00fdch<\/strong> vo v\u0161eobecne zn\u00e1mych vyjadreniach a v\u00fdrokoch, najm\u00e4 v pr\u00edsloviach a porekadl\u00e1ch, napr. Kto druh\u00e9mu jamu kope…<\/strong><\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 v odborn\u00fdch textoch na ozna\u010denie postupnosti veli\u010d\u00edn<\/strong> (tri bodky sa p\u00ed\u0161u bez medzier medzi veli\u010dinami), napr. a1,..<\/strong>.an<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

JAZYKOV\u00c1 KULT\u00daRA \u2014 P\u00cdSOMN\u00dd A \u00daSTNY PREJAV 6.1 Bodka, dvojbodka, tri bodky BODKA (.) Bodkou sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ozna\u010duje zakon\u010denie viet a\u00a0s\u00favet\u00ed. M\u00e1 vy\u010dle\u0148ovaciu a\u00a0od\u010dle\u0148ovaciu funkciu. Bodkou sa nazna\u010duje aj skr\u00e1tenie slova, alebo aj to, \u017ee ide o\u00a0radov\u00fa \u010d\u00edslovku. Za bodkou sa zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a kladie medzera. Bodka sa vyu\u017e\u00edva aj v n\u00e1soben\u00ed, kde sa d\u00e1va pred aj […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12703","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12703","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12703"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12703\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12722,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12703\/revisions\/12722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12703"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}