{"id":12751,"date":"2025-11-12T09:10:07","date_gmt":"2025-11-12T08:10:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=12751"},"modified":"2025-11-12T09:20:34","modified_gmt":"2025-11-12T08:20:34","slug":"jazykova-kultura-6-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/jazykova-kultura-6-4\/","title":{"rendered":"jazykova-kultura-6-4"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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JAZYKOV\u00c1 KULT\u00daRA \u2014 P\u00cdSOMN\u00dd A \u00daSTNY PREJAV<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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6.4 Lomka, \u00favodzovky, z\u00e1tvorky, apostrof<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Lomka (\/) sa p\u00ed\u0161e:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

\u2014 v odborn\u00fdch textoch<\/strong> medzi variantn\u00fdmi alebo protikladn\u00fdmi v\u00fdrazmi, napr. roz\u010dlenite\u013enos\u0165\/<\/strong>neroz\u010dlenite\u013enos\u0165 vetn\u00e9ho jadra<\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 na vyjadrenie podielu <\/strong>alebo pomeru<\/strong>, napr. 3\/<\/strong>4<\/em>, 5 km\/<\/strong>h<\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 na ozna\u010denie \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho <\/strong>a\u00a0akademick\u00e9ho\u00a0 roka<\/strong>, napr. 2025\/<\/strong>2026<\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 na oddelenie ver\u0161ov<\/strong> v s\u00favislom texte (lomka aj s medzerami), napr. \u201eNev\u00fdmysel \u2014 v\u00fdmysel! <\/em>\/<\/em><\/strong> Kto by si bol pomyslel, <\/em>\/<\/em><\/strong> \u017ee je svet a\u017e tak\u00fd kr\u00e1sny, <\/em>\/<\/em><\/strong> \u017ee ho \u00fasmev hne\u010f tak zjasn\u00ed!!!\u201c<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00davodzovky (\u201e\u201c) sa p\u00ed\u0161u na za\u010diatku a\u00a0na konci:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

\u2014 priamej re\u010di<\/strong>, napr. \u201e<\/em><\/strong>Pros\u00edm, ide teraz nejak\u00fd spoj?\u201c<\/strong><\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 doslovn\u00fdch cit\u00e1tov<\/strong>, napr. V knihe sa p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201e<\/strong>Na psychike mo\u017eno tematizova\u0165 r\u00f4zne aspekty v s\u00falade s kateg\u00f3riami, ktor\u00e9 intervenuj\u00fa v jej sk\u00faman\u00ed.\u201c<\/strong><\/em>;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Porovnanie<\/strong><\/p>

Ak je v\u00a0\u00favodzovk\u00e1ch cel\u00e1 veta, p\u00ed\u0161e sa bodka, v\u00fdkri\u010dn\u00edk alebo ot\u00e1znik na konci vety pred koncov\u00fdmi \u00favodzovkami, napr. \u013d. \u0160t\u00far. povedal: \u201e<\/strong>Nasp\u00e4\u0165 cesta nemo\u017en\u00e1, napred sa \u00eds\u0165 mus\u00ed.\u201c<\/strong><\/em><\/p>

Ak je v\u00a0\u00favodzovk\u00e1ch priama re\u010d a\u00a0za \u0148ou nasleduje uv\u00e1dzacia veta, \u010diarka sa p\u00ed\u0161e pred koncov\u00fdmi \u00favodzovkami, napr. \u201e<\/em><\/strong>Ve\u010der nepr\u00eddem,\u201c<\/strong> povedal a\u00a0odi\u0161iel.<\/em><\/p>

Ak je uv\u00e1dzacia veta vlo\u017een\u00e1 do priamej re\u010di, ozna\u010dujeme \u00favodzovkami ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotliv\u00fd \u00fasek priamej re\u010di a\u00a0koncov\u00e9 \u00favodzovky sa p\u00ed\u0161u za bodkou, \u010diarkou, v\u00fdkri\u010dn\u00edkom, ot\u00e1znikom, napr. \u201e<\/em><\/strong>Nepochybujeme,\u201c<\/strong> hovoril, \u201e<\/strong>\u017ee sa n\u00e1m cel\u00fd pl\u00e1n podar\u00ed.\u201c<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u2014 ironick\u00fdch slov<\/strong> alebo od ktor\u00fdch sa autor di\u0161tancuje, napr. To je pekn\u00e1 \u201e<\/strong>pravda\u201c<\/strong>.<\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 slov, ktor\u00e9 obrazne<\/strong> pomen\u00favaj\u00fa jav, napr. At\u00e9nska abeceda sa stala \u201e<\/strong>matkou\u201c<\/strong> latinky<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pozn\u00e1mka <\/strong><\/p>

N\u00e1zvy kn\u00edh, \u010dasopisov, \u010dl\u00e1nkov, umeleck\u00fdch diel p\u00ed\u0161eme zvy\u010dajne bez \u00favodzoviek, ale v pr\u00edpade potreby zv\u00fd\u0161enia zrete\u013enosti textu ich mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Z\u00e1tvorky <\/strong>s\u00fa okr\u00fahle ( ), tie sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie, lomen\u00e9 \u27e8 \u27e9, hranat\u00e9 [ ], zlo\u017een\u00e9 { }.<\/p>

Okr\u00fahle z\u00e1tvorky sa p\u00ed\u0161u pred a za:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

\u2014 slov\u00e1 a\u00a0slovn\u00e9 spojenia, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa do vety vo\u013ene vlo\u017een\u00e9 a vysvet\u013euj\u00fa, dop\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa <\/strong>alebo spres\u0148uj\u00fa<\/strong> jej obsah, napr. Hl\u00e1sky (<\/strong>samohl\u00e1sky, spoluhl\u00e1sky a\u00a0dvojhl\u00e1sky)<\/strong> tvor\u00edme re\u010dov\u00fdmi \u00fastrojmi.<\/em>;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pozn\u00e1mka <\/strong><\/p>

Namiesto z\u00e1tvoriek mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 aj \u010diarky, alebo ak je vsuvka dlh\u0161ia, tak aj poml\u010dky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u2014 meno autora za cit\u00e1tom<\/strong> alebo aj pred bibliografick\u00e9 \u00fadaje, napr. V\u00a0s\u00favislosti s\u00a0uveden\u00fdm upozor\u0148ujeme na prepojenie populizmu s\u00a0kritikou vo\u010di vl\u00e1dnucim politick\u00fdm stran\u00e1m (<\/strong>\u0160tefan\u010d\u00edk \u2014 Hlavsa 2019: 36)<\/strong><\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 matematick\u00e9 prvky<\/strong>, napr. (a + b) + c = a + (b + c);<\/p>

\u2014 fakultat\u00edvne prvky<\/strong>, r\u00f4zne symboly<\/strong> a v\u00fdrazy<\/strong> v texte, napr. hra\u0165 (<\/strong>sa)<\/strong><\/em>, (<\/em><\/strong>!)<\/strong><\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 dopl\u0148uj\u00faci \u00fadaj<\/strong> za menom osoby alebo n\u00e1zvom, napr. (* 28. okt\u00f3ber 1815, Uhrovec \u2013 \u2020 12. janu\u00e1r 1856, Modra).<\/p>

Hranat\u00e9 z\u00e1tvorky p\u00ed\u0161eme pred a za:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

\u2014 preklad <\/strong>n\u00e1zvu pri cudzojazy\u010dnom zdroji, napr. CHOMSKY, N.: Media Control. [<\/strong>Kontrola m\u00e9di\u00ed]<\/strong>. Seven Stories Press : Pergamon Press 1997. 107 p<\/em>.;<\/p>

\u2014 vysvetlivky<\/strong> skratiek pou\u017eit\u00fdch v citovanom texte a autorove pozn\u00e1mky<\/strong> k\u00a0textu v odborn\u00fdch pr\u00e1cach, napr. Autor p\u00ed\u0161e: Ak existuj\u00fa tak\u00e9to formy [<\/strong>vari autor pochybuje, \u017ee tak\u00e9to formy existuj\u00fa]<\/strong>, je ich existencia vyvolan\u00e1 v\u00fdznamnou potrebou.\u201c<\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 \u00fadaje o v\u00fdslovnosti<\/strong> v slovn\u00edkoch, napr. faux pas [<\/strong>fo pa]<\/strong><\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 text v z\u00e1tvork\u00e1ch<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd vklad\u00e1me do textu ohrani\u010den\u00e9ho okr\u00fahlymi z\u00e1tvorkami, napr. (Patria sem aj sloves\u00e1 ako hra\u0165 [<\/strong>sa]<\/strong>, u\u010di\u0165 [<\/strong>sa]<\/strong>)<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pozn\u00e1mka <\/strong><\/p>

Lomen\u00e9 z\u00e1tvorky sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa podobne ako hranat\u00e9, napr. (Patria sem aj sloves\u00e1 ako hra\u0165 \u27e8<\/strong>sa\u27e9<\/strong>, u\u010di\u0165 \u27e8<\/strong>sa\u27e9<\/strong>)<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Zlo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00e1tvorky sa p\u00ed\u0161u pred a\u00a0za:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

\u2014 uv\u00e1dzan\u00edm mno\u017e\u00edn<\/strong>, napr. Sg = {<\/strong>-m, -\u0161, \u00f8}<\/strong> (pr\u00edpona v\u00a0slovesnom tvare m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 -m, -\u0161 a\u00a0nulov\u00e1 pr\u00edpona -\u00f8)<\/em>.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Apostrof (\u2019) sa p\u00ed\u0161e:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

\u2014 ako znamienko vynechania<\/strong> hl\u00e1sky, napr. bol si <\/em>\u2014 bols\u2019<\/strong><\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 ako znamienko skr\u00e1tenia <\/strong>\u00fadajov v\u00a0rokoch, napr. Pf \u2019<\/strong>25<\/em>;<\/p>

\u2014 pri prepise <\/strong>z\u00a0cudz\u00edch grafick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, napr. Jang-c\u2019<\/strong>-\u0165iang<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

JAZYKOV\u00c1 KULT\u00daRA \u2014 P\u00cdSOMN\u00dd A \u00daSTNY PREJAV 6.4 Lomka, \u00favodzovky, z\u00e1tvorky, apostrof Lomka (\/) sa p\u00ed\u0161e: \u2014 v odborn\u00fdch textoch medzi variantn\u00fdmi alebo protikladn\u00fdmi v\u00fdrazmi, napr. roz\u010dlenite\u013enos\u0165\/neroz\u010dlenite\u013enos\u0165 vetn\u00e9ho jadra; \u2014 na vyjadrenie podielu alebo pomeru, napr. 3\/4, 5 km\/h; \u2014 na ozna\u010denie \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho a\u00a0akademick\u00e9ho\u00a0 roka, napr. 2025\/2026; \u2014 na oddelenie ver\u0161ov v s\u00favislom texte (lomka […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12751","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12751","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12751"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12751\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12770,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12751\/revisions\/12770"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12751"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}