{"id":12818,"date":"2025-11-12T10:33:29","date_gmt":"2025-11-12T09:33:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=12818"},"modified":"2025-11-22T11:05:02","modified_gmt":"2025-11-22T10:05:02","slug":"jazykova-kultura-8","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/jazykova-kultura-8\/","title":{"rendered":"jazykova-kultura-8"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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JAZYKOV\u00c1 KULT\u00daRA \u2014 P\u00cdSOMN\u00dd A \u00daSTNY PREJAV<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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8. Z\u00c1KLADY FONETICKEJ TRANSKRIPCIE<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTomu, ak\u00e9 znaky pou\u017e\u00edvame pri spr\u00e1vnom p\u00edsan\u00ed a\u00a0ak\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 pri tom dodr\u017eiavame, sa venuje ortografia, teda pravopis.\u00a0 V\u00a0ide\u00e1lnom pr\u00edpade by p\u00edsan\u00e1, pravopisn\u00e1 podoba jazyka absol\u00fatne kore\u0161pondovala s\u00a0t\u00fdm, ako treba slov\u00e1 vyslovi\u0165, resp. p\u00edsalo by sa presne tak, ako sa rozpr\u00e1va. V\u00a0prirodzen\u00fdch jazykoch, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa ust\u00e1len\u00fa zvukov\u00fa aj p\u00edsan\u00fa formu, \u00fapln\u00e1 zhoda prakticky neexistuje, ale niektor\u00e9 jazyky sa k tomu ve\u013emi pribli\u017euj\u00fa. Jazykom s\u00a0vysokou fon\u00e9micko-pravopisnou transparentnos\u0165ou je napr\u00edklad f\u00edn\u010dina (Kari \u2014 Toivanen \u2014 Ylitalo, 1980, s. 141 \u2014 143). K \u00faplnej zhode medzi p\u00edsanou a hovorenou formou sa najviac pribli\u017euj\u00fa umel\u00e9 jazyky. Ak sa dodr\u017eiavaj\u00fa pravidl\u00e1, tak napr\u00edklad pri esperante neexistuj\u00fa v\u00fdnimky vo vz\u0165ahu zhody medzi zvukovou a\u00a0p\u00edsanou formou jazyka, tak ako je\u00a0 to v prirodzen\u00fdch jazykoch. V\u00fdslovnos\u0165 je v\u00a0esperante plne predv\u00eddate\u013en\u00e1 z p\u00edsan\u00e9ho textu (Montagu, 1979, s. 11 \u2014 12).\u00a0 V\u00a0sloven\u010dine, tak ako vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine jazykov, takejto zhody niet. Niektor\u00e9 fon\u00e9my sa zapisuj\u00fa naoko dvoma znakmi (ch, dz, ia, ie, iu), alebo naopak jedna fon\u00e9ma sa zapisuje dvoma graf\u00e9mami (samohl\u00e1sky [i], [\u00ed] maj\u00fa dve graf\u00e9my i\/y, \u00ed\/\u00fd), pr\u00edpadne fon\u00e9ma zmenila neutr\u00e1lnu podobu realiz\u00e1cie vo v\u00fdslovnosti (\u00e4 sa neutr\u00e1lne vyslovuje ako [e]). Zmeny nast\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj priamo v\u00a0pr\u00fade re\u010di pri v\u00fdslovnosti zdvojen\u00fdch spoluhl\u00e1sok (panna [pa\u02c3na]) \u010di pri neutraliz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch (prievidzsk\u00fd [pr\u012devick\u00ed], kni\u017eka [k\u0148i\u0161ka], od\u0161tartova\u0165 [o\u010dtartova\u0165]). Nezhoda medzi pravopisnou a\u00a0v\u00fdslovnostnou str\u00e1nkou jazyka si z\u00a0praktick\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov vy\u017eaduje \u0161pecifick\u00fa znakov\u00fa s\u00fastavu, ktor\u00e1 by \u010do najpresnej\u0161ie odr\u00e1\u017eala v\u00fdslovnos\u0165. Na tento \u00fa\u010del sa vyu\u017e\u00edva s\u00fabor grafick\u00fdch znakov, ktor\u00fd sa naz\u00fdva fonetick\u00e1 transkripcia<\/strong><\/span>. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa v nej mnoh\u00e9 graf\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj v pravopise, av\u0161ak len tento s\u00fabor znakov by nesta\u010dil na zap\u00edsanie v\u0161etk\u00fdch zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti vypl\u00fdvaj\u00facich z\u00a0v\u00fdslovnosti v pr\u00fade re\u010di, a preto fonetick\u00e1 transkripcia obsahuje aj niektor\u00e9 osobitn\u00e9 znaky. Cie\u013eom fonetickej transkripcie je \u201ezap\u00edsa\u0165 znenie ur\u010dit\u00e9ho prejavu vo zvukovej re\u010di tak, aby sa \u010do najpresnej\u0161ie a najpodrobnej\u0161ie zachytili v\u0161etky zvukov\u00e9 javy sign\u00e1lu re\u010di, aby sa pre ka\u017ed\u00fd odli\u0161n\u00fd zvuk, ktor\u00fd sa sluchom zachytil, pou\u017eil osobitn\u00fd znak, a aby sa pre ten ist\u00fd zvuk pou\u017eil v\u017edy ten ist\u00fd znak\u201c (Kr\u00e1\u013e, 1988, s. 39).\n\nV tejto kapitole sa zaober\u00e1me z\u00e1sadami, znakmi a\u00a0\u0161pecifikami slovenskej fonetickej transkripcie. Zvl\u00e1dnutie fonetickej transkripcie je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm ukazovate\u013eom teoretick\u00e9ho zvl\u00e1dnutia spr\u00e1vnej slovenskej v\u00fdslovnosti. Znaky fonetickej transkripcie, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v\u00a0tejto pr\u00edru\u010dke, kore\u0161ponduj\u00fa so znakmi z\u00a0kodifika\u010dnej pr\u00edru\u010dky pre v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka Pravidl\u00e1 slovenskej v\u00fdslovnosti<\/em><\/strong><\/span> od \u00c1bela Kr\u00e1\u013ea, ktor\u00e1 vy\u0161la u\u017e v\u00a0piatich vydaniach (1984, 1988, 1996, 2005, 2009). V \u010fal\u0161ej \u010dasti pr\u00e1ce ich pou\u017e\u00edvame pri fonetickom z\u00e1pise, preto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 podrobne sa s nimi obozn\u00e1mi\u0165. Fonetick\u00e1 transkripcia z\u00e1rove\u0148 sl\u00fa\u017ei ako indik\u00e1tor ovl\u00e1dania teoretick\u00fdch pravidiel spisovnej slovenskej v\u00fdslovnosti a\u00a0jej realiz\u00e1cie v\u00a0re\u010dovom prejave.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

JAZYKOV\u00c1 KULT\u00daRA \u2014 P\u00cdSOMN\u00dd A \u00daSTNY PREJAV 8. Z\u00c1KLADY FONETICKEJ TRANSKRIPCIE Tomu, ak\u00e9 znaky pou\u017e\u00edvame pri spr\u00e1vnom p\u00edsan\u00ed a\u00a0ak\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 pri tom dodr\u017eiavame, sa venuje ortografia, teda pravopis.\u00a0 V\u00a0ide\u00e1lnom pr\u00edpade by p\u00edsan\u00e1, pravopisn\u00e1 podoba jazyka absol\u00fatne kore\u0161pondovala s\u00a0t\u00fdm, ako treba slov\u00e1 vyslovi\u0165, resp. p\u00edsalo by sa presne tak, ako sa rozpr\u00e1va. V\u00a0prirodzen\u00fdch jazykoch, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12818","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12818","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12818"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12818\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13386,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12818\/revisions\/13386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}