{"id":12998,"date":"2025-11-13T09:14:37","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T08:14:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=12998"},"modified":"2025-11-22T10:53:24","modified_gmt":"2025-11-22T09:53:24","slug":"jazykova-kultura-10-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/jazykova-kultura-10-3\/","title":{"rendered":"jazykova-kultura-10-3"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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JAZYKOV\u00c1 KULT\u00daRA \u2014 P\u00cdSOMN\u00dd A \u00daSTNY PREJAV<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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10.3 V\u00fdslovnos\u0165 spoluhl\u00e1sok<\/strong><\/p>

V\u00fdslovnos\u0165 slovensk\u00fdch spoluhl\u00e1sok m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 sprev\u00e1dzan\u00e1 viacer\u00fdmi javmi, ktor\u00e9 ved\u00fa k vzniku ortoepick\u00fdch ch\u00fdb. V r\u00e1mci tejto podkapitoly sa s\u00fastre\u010fujeme v\u00fdlu\u010dne na javy t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa artikul\u00e1cie jednotliv\u00fdch hl\u00e1sok. <\/strong>Javy, pri ktor\u00fdch doch\u00e1dza k vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9mu p\u00f4sobeniu fon\u00e9m alebo prozod\u00e9m \u2014 teda k ovplyv\u0148ovaniu jednej hl\u00e1sky \u010di prozod\u00e9my druhou \u2014 bud\u00fa predmetom anal\u00fdzy v samostatnej kapitole venovanej neutraliz\u00e1ci\u00e1m v slovenskom jazyku<\/strong>.<\/p>

Z ortoepick\u00fdch javov pri spoluhl\u00e1skach treba zd\u00f4razni\u0165 najm\u00e4:<\/p>

\u2014 v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 m\u00e4kk\u00fdch spoluhl\u00e1sok \u010f, \u0165, \u0148, \u013e,<\/p>

\u2014 v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 predlo\u017eiek so, ku,<\/p>

\u2014 v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 zdvojen\u00fdch spoluhl\u00e1sok,<\/p>

\u2014 v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 spoluhl\u00e1skov\u00fdch skup\u00edn.<\/p>

V\u00fdslovnos\u0165\u00a0 \u010f, \u0165, \u0148, \u013e<\/strong><\/p>

Jedn\u00fdm z v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch fonologicko-ortografick\u00fdch javov v slovenskom jazyku je nes\u00falad medzi zvukovou (fonetickou) a grafickou (pravopisnou) podobou jazykov\u00e9ho prejavu v pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f sa pred vok\u00e1lmi i, \u00ed, e, ia, ie, iu<\/em><\/strong> v kore\u0148och dom\u00e1cich slov, ako aj pred gramatick\u00fdmi alebo slovotvorn\u00fdmi pr\u00edponami dom\u00e1ceho p\u00f4vodu nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa konsonanty, resp. graf\u00e9my d, t, n, l<\/em><\/strong>, ke\u010f\u017ee zo zvukov\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska s\u00fa to fon\u00e9my \u010f, \u0165, \u0148, \u013e. Napriek tomu, \u017ee sa tieto spoluhl\u00e1sky v uvedenej poz\u00edcii artikuluj\u00fa ako m\u00e4kk\u00e9, pravopis t\u00fato m\u00e4kkos\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom m\u00e4k\u010de\u0148a nezaznamen\u00e1va. Tento pravopisn\u00fd princ\u00edp m\u00e1 sekund\u00e1rny dopad aj na v\u00fdslovnos\u0165, ke\u010f\u017ee grafick\u00e1 podoba m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 realiz\u00e1ciu hl\u00e1sky v hovorenom prejave, a to najm\u00e4 v pr\u00edpade hl\u00e1sky \u013e<\/em><\/strong>. V\u00fdslovnos\u0165 \u013e<\/em><\/strong> sa v\u0161ak \u010dasto zanedb\u00e1va aj v poz\u00edci\u00e1ch, kde sa m\u00e4kkos\u0165 explicitne zazna\u010duje m\u00e4k\u010de\u0148om. Hoci sa absencia artikul\u00e1cie \u013e<\/em><\/strong> v be\u017enej komunik\u00e1cii nevn\u00edma ako v\u00fdrazne nespr\u00e1vna v\u00fdslovnostn\u00e1 forma, v r\u00e1mci kodifikovanej spisovnej v\u00fdslovnosti sa jej realiz\u00e1cia pova\u017euje za normat\u00edvnu a \u017eiaducu.<\/p>

a) Spoluhl\u00e1sky t, d, n, l \u2013 \u0165, \u010f, \u0148, \u013e v dom\u00e1cich slov\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>

V dom\u00e1cich slov\u00e1ch sa t, d, n, l<\/em> vyslovuj\u00fa preva\u017ene v zhode s pravopisom; v\u00fdnimkou je v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 [\u0165, \u010f, \u0148, \u013e], ak stoja pred i, \u00ed, e, ie, ia, iu <\/em>\u2014 vtedy ich vyslovujeme preva\u017ene m\u00e4kko, hoci graficky m\u00e4k\u010de\u0148 nezazna\u010dujeme: tis\u00edc, deti, nejako, palica, \u013ee\u017ea\u0165<\/em> [\u0165is\u00edc, \u010fe\u0165i, \u0148ejako, pa\u013eica, \u013ee\u017ea\u0165].<\/p>

\u2014 zvieracie adjekt\u00edva vzoru p\u00e1v\u00ed sa vyslovuj\u00fa m\u00e4kko: slon\u00ed, orl\u00ed<\/em> [slon\u00ed, or\u013e\u00ed]; podobne aj pr\u00edslovky: kr\u00e1sne, n\u00e1hle<\/em> [kr\u00e1s\u0148e, n\u00e1h\u013ee],<\/p>

\u2014 spoluhl\u00e1sky l \u2014 \u013e sa striedaj\u00fa v tvaroch ako [po\u0161\u013ei \u2014 poslal, ka\u0161la\u0165 \u2014 ka\u0161\u013eem, prestre\u013ei\u0165 – prestrelka],<\/p>

\u2014 ak je neur\u010ditkovou kme\u0148otvornou pr\u00edponou –i, -ia, -ie<\/em>, ako v\u00a0slov\u00e1ch p\u00e1li\u0165, klia\u0165, plie\u0165<\/em>, vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch tvaroch sa vyslovuje [\u013e]: [p\u00e1\u013eim, p\u00e1\u013ei\u0161, p\u00e1\u013ei],<\/p>

\u2014 pri stup\u0148ovan\u00ed adjekt\u00edv nast\u00e1va striedanie d, t, n, l <\/em>\u2014 \u010f, \u0165, \u0148, \u013e<\/em>: [r\u00edxli \u2014 r\u00edx\u013ee\u012d\u0161\u00ed, za\u0165at\u00ed \u2014 za\u0165a\u0165e\u012d\u0161\u00ed],<\/p>

\u2014 v slov\u00e1ch ako k\u00fapele, machle, zub\u00e1le, kor\u00e1le, beh\u00fale Vr\u00e1ble, T\u00e1le <\/em>sa \u013e vyslovuje vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch p\u00e1doch.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

Pr\u00edpady, ke\u010f [\u010f, \u0165, \u0148, \u013e]\u00a0 v dom\u00e1cich slov\u00e1ch pred m\u00e4k\u010diacou spoluhl\u00e1skou nevyslovujeme:<\/strong><\/p>

\u2014 tvary pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch mien vzorov pekn\u00fd a matkin, ako aj tvary niektor\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsloviek a pr\u00ed\u010dast\u00ed sklo\u0148ovan\u00fdch pod\u013ea t\u00fdchto vzorov: dobr\u00ed \u013eudia, v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed pr\u00edtomn\u00ed, matkini zn\u00e1mi, jedny nohavice, o\u00a0\u0161ikovnej \u017eene<\/em> [dobr\u00ed\u203f\u013eu\u010f\u012da, v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed\u203fpr\u00edtomn\u00ed, matkini\u203fzn\u00e1mi, jedni\u203fnohavice, o\u203f\u0161ikovne\u012d\u203f\u017ee\u0148e],<\/p>

\u2014 v slov\u00e1ch \u017eiaden, hoden, vinen<\/em> [\u017e\u012daden, hoden, vinen],<\/p>

\u2014 v tvaroch osobn\u00fdch z\u00e1men ten, tento, onen, ten, tej, tie, tento, tejto, t\u00edto, tieto, onen, onej, on\u00ed, on\u00e9<\/em> [ten, tento, onen, ten, te\u012d, t\u012de, tento, te\u012dto, t\u00edto, t\u012deto, onen, one\u012d, on\u00ed, on\u00e9],<\/p>

\u2014 v predpon\u00e1ch, ak sa z\u00e1klad za\u010d\u00edna na i, \u00ed, e<\/em>: odi\u0161iel, predizba, od\u00eds\u0165, polizba, nade\u0148, pode\u0148…<\/em> [odi\u0161\u012del, predizba, od\u00eds\u0165, polizba, nade\u0148, pode\u0148],<\/p>

\u2014 vo zvukomalebn\u00fdch slov\u00e1ch: tik-tak, d\u00ednom-d\u00e1nom, cingi-lingi <\/em>[tik\u203ftak, d\u00ednom\u203fd\u00e1nom, ci\u014bgi\u203fli\u014bgi],<\/p>

\u2014 v slov\u00e1ch: jeden, jeden\u00e1s\u0165, okiene\u010dko, pijatika, putika, \u0161tyri, teda, temer, teraj\u0161\u00ed, teraz, ter\u010d, v\u00edne\u010dko, v\u0161ete\u010dnica, , vtedaj\u0161\u00ed, vtedy, v j\u00fani, v j\u00fali, poveternostn\u00fd <\/em>[jeden, jeden\u00e1s\u0165, ok\u012dene\u010dko, pijatika, putika, \u0161tiri, teda, temer, tera\u012d\u0161\u00ed, teras, ter\u010d, v\u00edne\u010dko, v\u0161ete\u010d\u0148ica, vteda\u012d\u0161\u00ed, vtedi, w\u02ecj\u00fani, w\u02ecj\u00fali, poveternostn\u00ed],<\/p>

\u2014 v slov\u00e1ch meste\u010dko, mieste\u010dko, veternica, vetern\u00edk, veterno, vetern\u00fd <\/em>sa uprednost\u0148uje (nie je v\u0161ak striktne vy\u017eadovan\u00e1) m\u00e4kk\u00e1 v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 [mes\u0165e\u010dko, m\u012deste\u010dko, ve\u0165er\u0148ica, ve\u0165er\u0148\u00edk, ve\u0165erno, ve\u0165ern\u00ed],<\/p>

b) Spoluhl\u00e1sky t, d, n, l \u2013 \u0165, \u010f, \u0148, \u013e v prevzat\u00fdch slov\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>

Hoci jedn\u00fdm zo znakov cudzosti slov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v\u00a0sloven\u010dine je aj v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 [d, t, n, l] pred i, \u00ed, e<\/em>, slov\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 celkom zdom\u00e1cneli, prisp\u00f4sobili sa aj v\u00fdslovnos\u0165ou: diabol, ko\u0161e\u013ea, anjel, tehla, in\u017einier\u00a0 [\u010f\u012dabol, ko\u0161e\u013ea, a\u0148\u012del, \u0165ehla, in\u017ei\u0148\u012der]. V prevzat\u00fdch (ale aj v cudz\u00edch) slov\u00e1ch sa pred oh\u00fdbac\u00edmi a\u00a0dom\u00e1cimi odvodzovac\u00edmi pr\u00edponami a vn\u00fatri t\u00fdchto pr\u00edpon pred i, \u00ed, e, ia, ie, iu <\/em>vyslovuj\u00fa spoluhl\u00e1sky \u010f, \u0165, \u0148, \u013e<\/em>: [ter\u00e9n \u2014 f\u203fter\u00e9\u0148e, bicikel \u2014 na\u203fbicik\u013ei].<\/p>

c) Spoluhl\u00e1sky d, t, n, l pred i, \u00ed, e v koreni cudz\u00edch slov<\/strong><\/p>

Spoluhl\u00e1sky d, t, n, l <\/em>v\u00a0koreni cudz\u00edch slov vyslovujeme v\u017edy tvrdo: tenis, Denis, titul, lepra, nikel [tenis, denis, titul, lepra, nikel].<\/p>

d) Spoluhl\u00e1sky d, t, n, l pred cudz\u00edmi odvodzovac\u00edmi pr\u00edponami<\/strong><\/p>

Tvrdo vyslovujeme d, t, n, l <\/em>pred t\u00fdmito p\u00f4vodom pr\u00edponami:<\/p>

\u2014 –ik, -\u00edk: <\/strong>mechanik, mystik, evanjelik, katol\u00edk\u2026<\/p>

\u2014 -ick\u00fd, -\u00edcky: <\/strong>komunistick\u00fd, biblick\u00fd, melancholick\u00fd, katol\u00edcky, kanonick\u00fd…<\/p>

\u2014 -izova\u0165: <\/strong>kolonizova\u0165, aktualizova\u0165, mechanizova\u0165…<\/p>

\u2014 -izmus: <\/strong>kapitalizmus, hyenizmus, sadizmus, mechanizmus…<\/p>

\u2014 -ista: <\/strong>komunista, futbalista, kolonista…<\/p>

\u2014 -ita: <\/strong>bonita, identita, kvalita…; tak sa vyslovuj\u00fa aj men\u00e1 ako Afrodita, Edita, Judita…<\/p>

\u2014 -ika: <\/strong>erotika, protetika, Veronika…<\/p>

\u2014 -id<\/strong>, -it: <\/strong>jodid, bakelit, igelit…<\/p>

\u2014 -in, -inka, -\u00ednka: <\/strong>bernard\u00edn, nikot\u00edn, pralinka, blond\u00ednka. Tak sa vyslovuj\u00fa aj n\u00e1zvy a men\u00e1 Kol\u00edn, Berl\u00edn, August\u00edn, Kon\u0161tant\u00edn…<\/p>

\u2014 -ent: <\/strong>inteligent, <\/strong>abonent, incident, rezident, \u0161tudent…<\/p>

\u2014 -er, \u00e9r: <\/strong>k\u00e1der, partner, report\u00e9r, \u017eongl\u00e9r…<\/p>

\u2014 -es: <\/strong>maj\u00e1les, notes…<\/p>

\u2014 -e: <\/strong>fin\u00e1le, pen\u00e1le, parte, pastor\u00e1le…<\/p>

Tvrdo sa d, t, n, l vyslovuje aj v cudz\u00edch slov\u00e1ch s\u00a0koncov\u00fdmi samohl\u00e1skov\u00fdmi skupinami ia, ie, ea, ium<\/em>: be\u0161tia, lap\u00e1lie, idea, evanjelium, konz\u00edlium, r\u00e1dio, galimati\u00e1<\/em>\u0161 [be\u0161ti a, lap\u00e1li e, ide a, eva\u0148\u012deli um, konz\u00edli um, r\u00e1di o, galimati \u00e1\u0161].<\/p>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

e) Spoluhl\u00e1sky \u0165, \u010f, \u0148, \u013e v prevzat\u00fdch slov\u00e1ch s\u00a0dom\u00e1cimi slovotvorn\u00fdmi pr\u00edponami<\/strong><\/p>

V prevzat\u00fdch slov\u00e1ch vyslovujeme \u0165, \u010f, \u0148, \u013e <\/em>pred t\u00fdmito dom\u00e1cimi pr\u00edponami:<\/p>

\u2014 -ik, -\u00edk<\/strong>: anjelik, f\u00edglik, pikul\u00edk, refer\u00e1tik, \u0161kand\u00e1lik; tak je to aj v\u00a0slov\u00e1ch ako \u0161pendl\u00edk, \u0161tamperl\u00edk, trpasl\u00edk, \u017eol\u00edk, drasl\u00edk, hlin\u00edk, kysl\u00edk, sod\u00edk, vod\u00edk, uhl\u00edk…<\/p>

\u2014 -iak, -iar, -ier<\/strong>: \u0161vindliar, golier, halier, maniak…<\/p>

\u2014 -ec<\/strong>: Beng\u00e1lec, Dalmat\u00ednec, Portugalec…<\/p>

\u2014 -ica: <\/strong>mangalica, terkelica…<\/p>

\u2014 -ena: <\/strong>fiflena…<\/p>

\u2014 -ina: <\/strong>t\u00f3nina…<\/p>

\u2014 -n\u00edk, -nik: <\/strong>agr\u00e1rnik, cifern\u00edk, krimin\u00e1lnik, s\u00edrnik…<\/p>

V\u00fdslovnos\u0165 predlo\u017eiek so a ku<\/strong><\/p>

V r\u00e1mci spisovnej v\u00fdslovnosti sa pri predlo\u017ek\u00e1ch so<\/em> a ku<\/em> vymedzuj\u00fa pomerne jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1. Predlo\u017eka so<\/em> sa v \u0161tandardnej v\u00fdslovnosti realizuje v\u017edy ako [zo], zatia\u013e \u010do predlo\u017eka ku<\/em> sa vyslovuje v\u017edy ako [gu]. V\u00fdnimku predstavuj\u00fa pr\u00edpady, ke\u010f za uveden\u00fdmi predlo\u017ekami nasleduj\u00fa tvary osobn\u00fdch z\u00e1men za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face sa na spoluhl\u00e1sku n<\/em>. V tak\u00fdchto kontextoch sa zachov\u00e1va p\u00f4vodn\u00e1 v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 predlo\u017eiek, ide len o\u00a0dva pr\u00edpady: so mnou a\u00a0ku mne [so\u203fmno\u016d], [ku\u203fm\u0148e]. Spojenia ku n\u00e1m, ku v\u00e1m, ku na\u0161im<\/em> a\u00a0pod. s\u00fa nespr\u00e1vne, vokaliz\u00e1cia v\u00a0tomto pr\u00edpade nenast\u00e1va, spr\u00e1vne je k\u00a0n\u00e1m, k\u00a0v\u00e1m, k na\u0161im<\/em>.<\/p>

V\u00fdslovnos\u0165 zdvojen\u00fdch spoluhl\u00e1sok<\/strong><\/p>

Zdvojen\u00e9 spoluhl\u00e1sky vznikaj\u00fa v pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f sa v jazykovom prejave bezprostredne ved\u013ea seba vyskytn\u00fa dve identick\u00e9 alebo foneticky pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9 spoluhl\u00e1sky Zdvojen\u00e9 spoluhl\u00e1sky sa v sloven\u010dine vyskytuj\u00fa na morfematick\u00fdch hraniciach: na hraniciach slov, medzi ktor\u00fdmi nie je prest\u00e1vka, na hranici slovn\u00fdch z\u00e1kladov v zlo\u017een\u00fdch slov\u00e1ch, na hranici predpony a\u00a0kore\u0148a (z\u00e1kladu) slova, na hranici kore\u0148a (z\u00e1kladu) slova a pr\u00edpony. V\u00a0skupine troch a viacej spoluhl\u00e1sok vznikaj\u00fa zdvojen\u00e9 spoluhl\u00e1sky len zriedkavo.<\/p>

a) Zdvojen\u00e9 spoluhl\u00e1sky namiesto dvoch spoluhl\u00e1sok<\/strong><\/p>

Zdvojen\u00e9 spoluhl\u00e1sky vznikaj\u00fa vo v\u00fdslovnosti spisovnej sloven\u010diny viacer\u00fdmi sp\u00f4sobmi:<\/p>

  1. vn\u00fatri slova alebo na hranici susedn\u00fdch slov sa stretn\u00fa dve rovnak\u00e9 spoluhl\u00e1sky alebo spoluhl\u00e1sky l\u00ed\u0161iace sa iba znelos\u0165ou: rann\u00fd, \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie <\/em>[ra\u203an\u00ed, \u0165a\u203a\u0161\u012de].<\/li>
  2. Vn\u00fatri slova vznikaj\u00fa zdvojen\u00e9 spoluhl\u00e1sky aj v pr\u00edpade, ak sa stretn\u00fa spoluhl\u00e1sky l\u00ed\u0161iace sa iba m\u00e4kkos\u0165ou, pr\u00edpadne je rozdiel aj v znelosti (t\u0165, t\u010f, d\u0165, \u0165d<\/em>…): dennodenne<\/em> [\u010fe\u203ano\u010fe\u203a\u0148e], chy\u0165te<\/em> [xi\u203a\u0165e], po\u010fte[po\u203a\u0165e], nad topo\u013eom<\/em> [na\u203atopo\u013eom].<\/li>
  3. Vznikaj\u00fa aj vtedy, ke\u010f sa na morfematickej hranici (v skupine dvoch spoluhl\u00e1sok) stretne niektor\u00e1 zo spoluhl\u00e1sok t, d, \u0165, \u010f <\/em>so sykavou spoluhl\u00e1skou (c, \u010d, s, \u0161, z, \u017e, dz, d\u017e<\/em>): sudca<\/em> [su\u203aca], Byt\u010da<\/em> [bi\u203a\u010da], predseda<\/em> [pre\u203aceda]; \u010dasto na rozhran\u00ed predpony a\u00a0z\u00e1kladu slova, pri\u010dom vznik\u00e1 zdvojen\u00e1 sykavka: predz\u00e1pas<\/em> [pre\u203a\u0417\u00e1pas], od\u017ea\u0165<\/em> [o\u203ad\u017ea\u0165]. V tomto pr\u00edpade ide o v\u00fdsledok neutraliz\u00e1cie.<\/li>
  4. V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch vznikaj\u00fa zdvojen\u00e9 spoluhl\u00e1sky vtedy, ke\u010f sa na morfematickej hranici stretn\u00fa z\u00e1verovo-\u00fa\u017einov\u00e1 a \u00fa\u017einov\u00e1 spoluhl\u00e1ska, ktor\u00e9 sa neodli\u0161uj\u00fa miestom artikul\u00e1cie: v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou<\/em> [ve\u203a\u010d\u00ed, ve\u203a\u010dino\u016d].<\/li><\/ol>

    b) Zdvojen\u00e9 spoluhl\u00e1sky v\u00a0skupine troch spoluhl\u00e1sok<\/strong><\/p>

    V r\u00e1mci konsonantick\u00fdch skup\u00edn obsahuj\u00facich tri spoluhl\u00e1sky sa zdvojen\u00e9 spoluhl\u00e1sky vyskytuj\u00fa sporadicky, pri\u010dom ich artikula\u010dn\u00e1 realiz\u00e1cia m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ovplyvnen\u00e1 fonetick\u00fdm kontextom a rytmicko-syntaktickou \u0161trukt\u00farou v\u00fdpovede. Musia by\u0165 splnen\u00e9 in\u00e9 podmienky na vznik zdvojenej spoluhl\u00e1sky, v porad\u00ed tre\u0165ou je spoluhl\u00e1ska r, l, \u013e, v, m, n, \u0148 <\/em>a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 nepredch\u00e1dza c, dz, \u010d, d\u017e<\/em>: [rozslabikova\u0165, tvrd\u0161\u00ed <\/em>ro\u203aslabikova\u0165, tvr\u0325\u203a\u010d\u00ed].<\/p>

    c) Osobitn\u00e9 pr\u00edpady<\/strong><\/p>

    Dvojak\u00e1 v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 sa prip\u00fa\u0161\u0165a na hranici predpony a z\u00e1kladu slova a na hranici slovn\u00fdch z\u00e1kladov v zlo\u017een\u00fdch slov\u00e1ch, ak sa tu medzi dvoma samohl\u00e1skami alebo pred niektorou zo spoluhl\u00e1sok r, l, v, m, n, \u0148, \u013e<\/em>, resp. po daktorej z nich stretne niektor\u00e1 zo spoluhl\u00e1sok t, d, n, l <\/em>s \u00fa\u017einovou alebo z\u00e1verovo\u00fa\u017einovou sykavou spoluhl\u00e1skou (c, \u010d, s, \u0161, z, \u017e, dz, d\u017e<\/em>): odsun\u00fa\u0165 <\/em>[otsun\u00fa\u0165\/o\u203acun\u00fa\u0165], p\u00e4\u0165slabi\u010dn\u00fd <\/em>[pe\u203aclabi\u010dn\u00ed\/pe\u0165slabi\u010dn\u00ed], predz\u00e1pas <\/em>[pre\u203a\u0292\u00e1pas\/ predz\u00e1pas], od\u017ea\u0165 <\/em>[o\u203a\u0292\u030ca\u0165\/od\u017ea\u0165].<\/p>

    Na hranici samostatn\u00fdch slov sa zdvojen\u00e9 spoluhl\u00e1sky m\u00f4\u017eu (ale nemusia) vyslovi\u0165 vtedy, ke\u010f sa tu stretn\u00fa dve rovnak\u00e9 spoluhl\u00e1sky, spoluhl\u00e1sky l\u00ed\u0161iace sa iba znelos\u0165ou, alebo ke\u010f sa tu stretne z\u00e1verov\u00e1 so z\u00e1verovo-\u00fa\u017einovou alebo s \u00fa\u017einovou spoluhl\u00e1skou: v\u00e1\u0161 \u017eiak, n\u00e1\u0161 \u0160tefan, pred cie\u013eom<\/em>; odpor\u00fa\u010da sa vyslovova\u0165 [v\u00e1\u017e\u203f\u017e\u012dak, n\u00e1\u0161\u203f\u0161\u0165efan, pret\u203fc\u012de\u013eom], no mo\u017en\u00e9 je i [v\u00e1\u203a\u017e\u012dak, n\u00e1\u203a\u0161\u0165efan, pre\u203ac\u012de\u013eom].<\/p>

    Zdvojen\u00e9 j <\/em>sa v sloven\u010dine nevyslovuje; ak sa stretn\u00fa dve j <\/em>ved\u013ea seba, tak prv\u00e9 sa vyslovuje ako \u012d [dvo\u012djazi\u010dn\u00ed].<\/p>

    V \u010d\u00edslovk\u00e1ch sa uprednost\u0148uje zjednodu\u0161en\u00e1 v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 [dvaca\u0165, trica\u0165, pe\u010fesiat]. V\u00fdslovnos\u0165 so zdvojenou spoluhl\u00e1skou je v\u00a0t\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch pr\u00edznakom vy\u0161\u0161ieho \u0161t\u00fdlu.<\/p>

    V\u00fdnimkami s\u00fa slov\u00e1 dc\u00e9ra a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161mi [c\u00e9ra, ve\u010dmi], kde zdvojen\u00e1 spoluhl\u00e1ska nevznik\u00e1.<\/p>

    Zdvojen\u00e9 h <\/em>sa nevyslovuje \u2014 ak tak\u00fd pr\u00edpad nastane, vyslovuje sa znel\u00e9 ch [\u0263], napr\u00edklad [\u013e\u012de\u0263\u203f hor\u00ed].<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

    V\u00fdslovnos\u0165 spoluhl\u00e1skov\u00fdch skup\u00edn<\/strong><\/p>

    V slovenskom jazyku sa vyskytuje \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum spoluhl\u00e1skov\u00fdch skup\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa kombin\u00e1cie dvoch alebo viacer\u00fdch spoluhl\u00e1sok v r\u00e1mci jednej slabiky alebo na morfematick\u00fdch hraniciach. Niektor\u00e9 z nich sa vo v\u00fdslovnosti zjednodu\u0161uj\u00fa, in\u00e9 vo v\u00fdslovnosti zmen\u00e1m nepodliehaj\u00fa.<\/p>

    Nezjednodu\u0161uj\u00fa sa tieto skupiny:<\/strong><\/p>

    \u2014 tn, t\u0148, dn, d\u0148, tl, dl, t\u013e: bytn\u00fd, plat\u0148a, riadny, padni, sedadlo, tlie\u0165, na metle, ved\u013ea…<\/em><\/p>

    \u2014 nt, nd, n\u0165, n\u010f, \u0148t, \u0148\u010f, \u0148\u0165, \u0148\u010f<\/em>: tento, rande, hontiansky, inde, vsta\u0148te…<\/em><\/p>

    \u2014 lt, ld, l\u0165, l\u010f, ln, l\u0148, \u013et, \u013ed, \u013e\u0165, \u013e\u010f, \u013en, \u013e\u0148<\/em>: malta, halda, pl\u0165, kaln\u00fd, slne\u010dn\u00fd, p\u00e1\u013ete, po\u013en\u00fd… <\/em><\/p>

    \u2014 stn, zdn, \u0161tn , \u0161tl, \u017edn, str. ctn <\/em>sa nezjednodu\u0161uj\u00fa: mastn\u00fd, pr\u00e1zdny, zi\u0161tn\u00fd, t\u00fd\u017edne, nectn\u00fd. <\/em>Ust\u00e1lenou v\u00fdnimkou z tohto pravidla je v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 \u010d\u00edsloviek: napr. \u0161estn\u00e1s\u0165 <\/em>[\u0161esn\u00e1s\u0165].<\/p>

    \u2014 ntn, nt\u0148<\/em>: latentne, permanentn\u00fd…<\/em><\/p>

    \u2014 \u0161s, \u017es, s\u0161, z\u0161, z\u017e, s\u010d, \u010ds, z\u010d: na\u0161sk\u00fd, mu\u017esk\u00fd, roz\u010darova\u0165, roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165, roz\u017eiari\u0165, s\u010d\u00edta\u0165, lama\u010dsk\u00fd…<\/em><\/p>

    Zjednodu\u0161uj\u00fa sa tieto skupiny:<\/strong><\/p>

    \u2014 tsk: <\/em>svetsk\u00fd [sveck\u00ed],<\/p>

    \u2014 dsk: <\/em>hradsk\u00e1 [hrack\u00e1],<\/p>

    \u2014 dzsk: <\/em>prievidzsk\u00fd [pr\u012devick\u00ed],<\/p>

    \u2014 dst: <\/em>podstata [poctata],<\/p>

    \u2014 tstv: <\/em>detstvo[\u010fectvo],<\/p>

    \u2014 d\u0161t: <\/em>po\u013eud\u0161ti\u0165 [po\u013eu\u010d\u0165i\u0165],<\/p>

    \u2014 t\u0161t: <\/em>podstata [poctata],<\/p>

    \u2014 pt\u010d: <\/em>kopt\u010dina [kop\u010dina],<\/p>

    \u2014 dstv: <\/em>\u013eudstvo [\u013euctvo],<\/p>

    \u2014 ndsk: <\/em>Holandsko [holancko],<\/p>

    \u2014 ntsk: <\/em>\u0161tudentsk\u00fd [\u0161tudenck\u00ed],<\/p>

    \u2014 zsk: <\/em>Franc\u00fazsko [franc\u00fasko],<\/p>

    \u2014 zsk: Franc\u00fazsko, franc\u00fazsky, Sliezsko <\/em>[franc\u00fasko, franc\u00faski, s\u013e\u012deski],<\/p>

    \u2014 z\u0161\u0165<\/em>: franc\u00faz\u0161tina [franc\u00fa\u0161\u0165ina], ale pozor, ak ide o spojenie predpony a za\u010diatku slova, zjednodu\u0161enie nenast\u00e1va: roz\u0161tiepi\u0165 [ros\u0161\u0165\u012depi\u0165],<\/p>

    \u2014 rzsk<\/em>: perzsk\u00fd [persk\u00ed],<\/p>

    \u2014 rz\u0161\u0165<\/em>: perzs\u0161tina [per\u0161tina],<\/p>

    \u2014 ptsk<\/em>: egyptsk\u00fd, koptsk\u00fd [egipsk\u00ed, kopsk\u00ed],<\/p>

    \u2014 stsk<\/em>: mestsk\u00fd [mesk\u00ed],<\/p>

    \u2014 ststv: <\/em>modiststvo [modistvo],<\/p>

    \u2014 s\u0165st<\/em>: \u0161es\u0165sto [\u0161esto].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
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    Zhrnutie k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch pojmov ku kapitole:<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

    \u00daLOHY A<\/strong> CVI\u010cENIA 3<\/strong><\/p>

    1. V nasleduj\u00facich slov\u00e1ch sa p\u00ed\u0161e spoluhl\u00e1ska \u013e. Vyslovujte ju m\u00e4kko, v s\u00falade so spisovnou v\u00fdslovnos\u0165ou:<\/strong><\/p>

    \u013ealia, \u013ean, po\u013enohospod\u00e1r, \u013eudia, \u013eudsk\u00fd, priate\u013e, po\u013eovn\u00edk, po\u013eana, kr\u00e1\u013e, de\u013eba, ma\u013eba, \u017e\u013eab, h\u013ea, Po\u013eka, so\u013e, te\u013eacie, \u013eav\u00fd, ko\u013eaj, ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fd, gu\u013eka, ho\u013ea, ml\u00e1\u010fa, h\u013eada\u0165, po\u013esk\u00fd, \u013eutova\u0165, ob\u013euba, \u013eahk\u00fd, \u013e\u00fatos\u0165, \u013eanov\u00fd, \u013eahostajn\u00fd, z\u013eava, od\u013eahl\u00fd, \u010ditate\u013e, ne\u013eahk\u00fd, spo\u013eahliv\u00fd, \u013eavica, po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, z\u013eakn\u00fa\u0165 sa, roz\u013eahl\u00fd, \u013ead, \u013eadovec, po\u013en\u00fd, p\u013euzgier, z\u013eudovie\u0165, \u013eudovos\u0165, od\u013eah\u010di\u0165, vy\u013eaka\u0165, z\u013eaknutie, priate\u013estvo, po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsky, ne\u013e\u00fatostn\u00fd, \u013eahostajnos\u0165, priate\u013esk\u00fd, po\u013eovn\u00edcky, \u013eudomil, \u013e\u00fatostiv\u00fd, vyhliadka, ne\u013eudsk\u00fd, po\u013eud\u0161ti\u0165, nepo\u013eavil, od\u013eah\u010di\u0165.<\/em><\/p>

    2. V nasleduj\u00facich slov\u00e1ch sa nep\u00ed\u0161e, no vyslovuje spoluhl\u00e1ska \u013e. Vyslovujte ju m\u00e4kko, v s\u00falade so spisovnou v\u00fdslovnos\u0165ou. Diskutujte o tom, \u010di je tak\u00e1to v\u00fdslovnos\u0165 pod\u013ea v\u00e1s prirodzen\u00e1:<\/strong><\/p>

    liek, lia\u0165, lietadlo, li\u0161iak, l\u00ed\u0161ka, list, lipa, lipov\u00fd, lieta\u0165, plies\u0165, sliepka, mliekar, mliekare\u0148, klie\u0161\u0165, klie\u0161te, plienka, prilieha\u0165, priliehav\u00fd, prilieta\u0165, p\u00edli\u0165, splieta\u0165, plese\u0148, slima\u010die, sliz, slina, bl\u00edzko, bl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 sa, bl\u00edzkos\u0165, pliaga, li\u0161ajn\u00edk, lieta\u0165, polievka, lievanec, lieh, koleda, klin, koleno, limon\u00e1da, lebka, leda\u010do, lebo, ledva, lehota, lejak, poleno, lek\u00e1r, chceli, lekv\u00e1r, zelina, deli\u0165, Lenin, zacieli\u0165, leniv\u00fd, mali\u010dkos\u0165, kliesni\u0165, ulica, kresli\u0165, le\u0148och, len\u017ee, z\u00e1liv, zalia\u0165, lepenka, o \u0161kole, lepidlo, mot\u00fdle, zlep\u0161i\u0165 sa, lesk, le\u0161tidlo, letovisko, liadok, lie\u010dba, jele\u0148, lieta\u0165, polievka, ligot, Osrblie, lich\u00f4tka, limba.<\/em><\/p>

    3. Vyslovujte spoluhl\u00e1sku l <\/em>v cudz\u00edch a zvukomalebn\u00fdch slov\u00e1ch. V tomto pr\u00edpade zm\u00e4k\u010denie nenast\u00e1va.<\/strong><\/p>

    li:<\/strong>
    \u2014 limit, limitova\u0165, limit\u00e1cia, eliminova\u0165, elix\u00edr, militarizmus, militantn\u00fd, politick\u00fd, reli\u00e9f, reliabilita, elimin\u00e1cia, liberalizmus, libert\u00edn, filigr\u00e1n, relikvia, silik\u00f3n, silik\u00e1t, prolifer\u00e1cia,<\/em><\/p>

    le:<\/strong>
    \u2014 telef\u00f3n, telegram, telev\u00edzia, deleg\u00e1t, deleg\u00e1cia, element, elektor\u00e1t, elektronika, elegantn\u00fd, elev\u00e1tor, flexibiln\u00fd, kolega, kolekt\u00edv, selekcia, relevantn\u00fd, skeleton<\/em><\/p>

    l\u00ed:<\/strong>
    \u2014 l\u00edra, l\u00edtium, l\u00edzing, l\u00edder, pol\u00edcia, koal\u00edcia,<\/em><\/p>

    l\u00e9:<\/strong>
    \u2014 kl\u00e9rus, kl\u00e9rof\u00f3bia, el\u00e9v, el\u00e9gia, l\u00e9no, atl\u00e9t.<\/em><\/p>

    4. Spr\u00e1vne vyslovujte predlo\u017eky so a ku:<\/strong><\/p>

    so sebou, so sestrou, so s\u00fahlasom, so zrete\u013eom, so z\u00e1ujmom, so smiechom, so stratou, so \u0161tudentom, so zodpovednos\u0165ou, so mnou, ku mne, ku kamar\u00e1tovi, ku knihe, ku koncu, ku Karolovi, ku Kl\u00e1re, ku klaristk\u00e1m. <\/em><\/p>

    5. Vyslovujte zdvojen\u00e9 spoluhl\u00e1sky v t\u00fdchto slov\u00e1ch: <\/strong><\/p>

    vr\u00e1\u0165te, panna, Mekka, v\u00fdkonn\u00fd, cenn\u00e1, rann\u00fd, err\u00e1ta, povinne, denn\u00edk, oddych, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, plamenn\u00fd, rozz\u00fari\u0165, Anna, celozrnn\u00fd, p\u00e4\u0165tis\u00edc, motto, jesenn\u00fd, oddelenie, korunn\u00fd, dennodenne, vypla\u0165te.<\/em><\/p>

    6. V teoretickej \u010dasti pr\u00e1ce si overte, ako sa vyslovuj\u00fa jednotliv\u00e9 spoluhl\u00e1skov\u00e9 skupiny, a potom vyslovujte slov\u00e1: <\/strong><\/p>

    pr\u00e1zdniny, efektne, lo\u010fstvo, kamar\u00e1tsky, Holandsko, z\u013eud\u0161tie\u0165, mestsk\u00fd, prostredn\u00fd, prezidentsk\u00fd, modiststvo, hunc\u00fatsky, jeden\u00e1stka, posvet\u0161ti\u0165, \u010diastka, podstata, perzsk\u00fd, \u0161atstvo, prievidzsk\u00fd, \u0160v\u00e9dsko, p\u00e4\u0165sto, opodstatnenie, milosrdenstvo, egyptsk\u00fd, efektn\u00fd, sliezsky.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \n
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    Ortoepia a jej princ\u00edpy 10.<\/p>\n

    Otestujte si va\u0161e vedomosti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>

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    1 \/ 3<\/p>\n

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    \n

    1. Spoluhl\u00e1sky charakterizuje<\/strong><\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n \n

    \n
    \n \n\n \n\n