{"id":13105,"date":"2025-11-13T11:55:26","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T10:55:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=13105"},"modified":"2025-11-13T12:07:04","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T11:07:04","slug":"jazykova-kultura-slovnik","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/jazykova-kultura-slovnik\/","title":{"rendered":"jazykova-kultura-slovnik"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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JAZYKOV\u00c1 KULT\u00daRA \u2014 P\u00cdSOMN\u00dd A \u00daSTNY PREJAV<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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SLOVN\u00cdK<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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D<\/strong><\/p>

d\u00f4raz <\/strong>ako prozodick\u00fd jav predstavuje zvukov\u00e9 vyzdvihnutie ur\u010dit\u00e9ho slova, taktu alebo slovn\u00e9ho spojenia v r\u00e1mci vety<\/p>

dvojhl\u00e1sky <\/strong>s\u00fa pohybliv\u00e9, k\u013azav\u00e9 vokalick\u00e9 segmenty, ktor\u00e9 pozost\u00e1vaj\u00fa z dvoch akusticky rozl\u00ed\u0161ite\u013en\u00fdch komponentov<\/p>

E<\/strong><\/p>

emf\u00e1za <\/strong>je osobitn\u00fd druh zd\u00f4raznenia \u2014 citov\u00fd d\u00f4raz<\/p>

etymologick\u00fd princ\u00edp<\/strong> \u2014 uplat\u0148uje sa pri p\u00edsan\u00ed dom\u00e1cich slov pod\u013ea stavu v\u00a0star\u0161om jazyku aj pri p\u00edsan\u00ed slov cudzieho p\u00f4vodu pod\u013ea stavu v\u00a0cudz\u00edch jazykoch<\/p>

F<\/strong><\/p>

fonematick\u00fd princ\u00edp<\/strong> \u2014 jedna a\u00a0t\u00e1 ist\u00e1 hl\u00e1ska schopn\u00e1 rozli\u0161ova\u0165 v\u00fdznam slov alebo tvarov (fon\u00e9ma) sa p\u00ed\u0161e jedn\u00fdm a\u00a0t\u00fdm ist\u00fdm grafick\u00fdm znakom (p\u00edsmenom)<\/p>

fonetick\u00e1 transkripcia <\/strong>je prepis ur\u010dit\u00e9ho prejavu vo zvukovej re\u010di tak, aby ho \u010do najpresnej\u0161ie a najpodrobnej\u0161ie zachytil<\/p>

G<\/strong><\/p>

gramatick\u00fd princ\u00edp<\/strong> \u2014 p\u00edsmen\u00e1 i\/\u00ed a\u00a0y\/\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na rozl\u00ed\u0161enie tvarov N sg. a\u00a0N pl. pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch mien vzoru pekn\u00fd<\/em> a\u00a0tvarov N sg. a\u00a0N pl. in\u00fdch slov, ktor\u00e9 sa sklo\u0148uj\u00fa rovnako ako pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 men\u00e1 vzoru pekn\u00fd<\/p>

I<\/strong><\/p>

interpunkcia<\/strong> je s\u00fastava pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch grafick\u00fdch znakov, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na \u010dlenenie textu<\/p>

IPA <\/strong>je medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 fonetick\u00e1 transkripcia<\/p>

J <\/strong><\/p>

jazykov\u00e9 zvukov\u00e9 prostriedky<\/strong> s\u00fa realiz\u00e1cie fon\u00e9m v re\u010dov\u00fdch prejavoch, teda hl\u00e1sky a ich spr\u00e1vna v\u00fdslovnos\u0165<\/p>

K<\/strong><\/p>

kore\u0148 slova <\/strong>\u2014 \u010das\u0165 slova alebo slovn\u00e9ho tvaru, je nosite\u013eom z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho lexik\u00e1lneho v\u00fdznamu<\/p>

M <\/strong><\/p>

mel\u00f3dia vety <\/strong>je pohyb, zmena a vlnenie t\u00f3novej zlo\u017eky re\u010di<\/p>

morfematick\u00fd princ\u00edp <\/strong>prispieva k\u00a0jednotn\u00e9mu p\u00edsaniu morf\u00e9m; sloven\u010dine sa jednotne p\u00ed\u0161u slovotvorn\u00e9 (-ik\/\u00edk)<\/em>, kme\u0148otvorn\u00e9 (-i-\/-\u00ed-)<\/em> alebo p\u00e1dov\u00e9 pr\u00edpony (-in, i\u0148a\/-ky\u0148a)<\/em><\/p>

N<\/strong><\/p>

neutraliz\u00e1cia <\/strong>je zvukov\u00fd jav, pri ktorom doch\u00e1dza k modifik\u00e1cii zvukovej \u0161trukt\u00fary slova v d\u00f4sledku p\u00f4sobenia jeho zvukov\u00e9ho okolia<\/p>

neverb\u00e1lne prostriedky<\/strong> sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa vo forme dorozumievania, ktor\u00e1 prebieha bez slov a zah\u0155\u0148a \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum v\u00fdrazov\u00fdch prostriedkov, ako s\u00fa mimika, gestika, posturika a\u00a0pod.<\/p>

O<\/strong><\/p>

ortoepia<\/strong> je n\u00e1uka o spr\u00e1vnej v\u00fdslovnosti<\/p>

ortof\u00f3nia <\/strong>sa zaober\u00e1 spr\u00e1vnym znen\u00edm a tvorbou hl\u00e1sok<\/p>

P<\/strong><\/p>

pravopis (ortografia) <\/strong>je s\u00fabor znakov a pravidiel na zapisovanie jazykov\u00fdch prejavov p\u00edsmenami (mal\u00fdmi a ve\u013ek\u00fdmi) a\u00a0interpunk\u010dn\u00fdmi (rozde\u013eovac\u00edmi) znamienkami. pravopisn\u00fd slovn\u00edk<\/strong> (zameriava sa na opis pravopisu)<\/p>

predpona <\/strong>\u2014 \u010das\u0165 odvoden\u00e9ho slova, ktor\u00e1 sa prip\u00e1ja pred slovotvorn\u00fd z\u00e1klad a\u00a0v\u00fdznamovo ho modifikuje<\/p>

prest\u00e1vka<\/strong> je preru\u0161enie hlasov\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu a artikula\u010dn\u00e9ho procesu na \u010dasovo pozorovate\u013en\u00fd interval<\/p>

pr\u00edpona <\/strong>\u2014 \u010das\u0165 odvoden\u00e9ho slova, ktor\u00e1 sa prip\u00e1ja za slovotvorn\u00fd z\u00e1klad a\u00a0nejak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom ho modifikuje<\/p>

pr\u00edzvuk<\/strong> je vyzdvihnutie pr\u00edzvu\u010dnej slabiky slova (alebo rytmick\u00e9ho taktu)<\/p>

prozodick\u00e9 (suprasegment\u00e1lne) prostriedky<\/strong> v re\u010di sl\u00fa\u017eia na modifik\u00e1ciu segment\u00e1lnych javov z \u010dasov\u00e9ho, silov\u00e9ho a t\u00f3nov\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska<\/p>

R <\/strong><\/p>

r\u00e1z <\/strong>je zvuk, ktor\u00e9mu sa v spisovnej v\u00fdslovnosti odpor\u00fa\u010da vyh\u00fdba\u0165. Ide o neznel\u00fa hlasivkov\u00fa exploz\u00edvnu spoluhl\u00e1sku<\/p>

rytmick\u00fd z\u00e1kon<\/strong> \u2014 kr\u00e1teniedlhej slabiky po predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej dlhej slabike<\/p>

rytmus <\/strong>je suprasegment\u00e1lny jav, ktor\u00fd vznik\u00e1 pravideln\u00fdm striedan\u00edm r\u00f4znych re\u010dov\u00fdch jednotiek<\/p>

S<\/strong><\/p>

samohl\u00e1ska <\/strong>je t\u00f3nov\u00e1 artikula\u010dne bezprek\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e1 hl\u00e1ska, ktor\u00e1 je funk\u010dne vrcholom slabiky<\/p>

samohl\u00e1skov\u00e1 skupina <\/strong>je nediftongick\u00e9 zoskupenie samohl\u00e1sok, ktor\u00e9 sa vyskytuje ved\u013ea seba v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9ho slova<\/p>

sila hlasu <\/strong>sa prejavuje zv\u00fd\u0161enou intenzitou artikul\u00e1cie a zosilnen\u00edm hlasov\u00e9ho prejavu<\/p>

slabika <\/strong>\u2014 najmen\u0161ia jednotka zvukov\u00e9ho re\u010dov\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu, teda najmen\u0161ia samostatne vyslovite\u013en\u00e1 jednotka re\u010di; jej jadro tvoria sonanty \u2014 hl\u00e1sky v jadre slabiky<\/p>

spoluhl\u00e1ska<\/strong> je \u0161umov\u00e1, artikula\u010dne prek\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e1 hl\u00e1ska, ktor\u00e1 je okrajom slabiky (s v\u00fdnimkou slabi\u010dn\u00fdch spoluhl\u00e1sok)<\/p>

s\u00favetie<\/strong> \u2014spojenie dvoch alebo viacer\u00fdch jednoduch\u00fdch viet, tvoriace v\u00fdznamov\u00fd, gramatick\u00fd a\u00a0intona\u010dne uzavret\u00fd celok<\/p>

T<\/strong><\/p>

tempo <\/strong>je suprasegment\u00e1lny jazykov\u00fd jav, ktor\u00fd s\u00favis\u00ed s r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou artikul\u00e1cie jednotliv\u00fdch hl\u00e1sok, slab\u00edk, slov<\/p>

V<\/strong><\/p>

vlastn\u00e9 podstatn\u00e9 men\u00e1<\/strong> (propri\u00e1) \u2014 podstatn\u00e9 men\u00e1 individualizovan\u00fdch, pr\u00edpadne jedine\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1zvov jedincov alebo ich skup\u00edn, ako men\u00e1 \u013eud\u00ed, m\u00fdtick\u00fdch a\u00a0vymyslen\u00fdch bytost\u00ed a\u00a0zosobnen\u00fdch javov, v\u00a0malom rozsahu aj men\u00e1 zvierat, men\u00e1 zemepisn\u00fdch, historick\u00fdch, spolo\u010densk\u00fdch, administrat\u00edvnych, ekonomick\u00fdch, technick\u00fdch a\u00a0kult\u00farnych danost\u00ed, \u00fatvarov, udalost\u00ed, prostriedkov a\u00a0produktov<\/p>

v\u00fdslovnostn\u00fd slovn\u00edk<\/strong> (sprac\u00fava v\u00fdslovnos\u0165)<\/p>

v\u00fdkladov\u00fd slovn\u00edk<\/strong> (typ slovn\u00edka, v ktorom sa vysvet\u013euj\u00fa v\u00fdznamy slov prostredn\u00edctvom vecn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkladu, teda prostredn\u00edctvom kr\u00e1tkeho a v\u00fdsti\u017en\u00e9ho opisu charakteristick\u00fdch znakov a vlastnost\u00ed pomen\u00favan\u00e9ho predmetu, vlastnosti alebo deja)<\/p>

Z<\/strong><\/p>

zdvojen\u00e1 hl\u00e1ska <\/strong>vznik\u00e1 splynut\u00edm dvoch spoluhl\u00e1sok<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

JAZYKOV\u00c1 KULT\u00daRA \u2014 P\u00cdSOMN\u00dd A \u00daSTNY PREJAV SLOVN\u00cdK D d\u00f4raz ako prozodick\u00fd jav predstavuje zvukov\u00e9 vyzdvihnutie ur\u010dit\u00e9ho slova, taktu alebo slovn\u00e9ho spojenia v r\u00e1mci vety dvojhl\u00e1sky s\u00fa pohybliv\u00e9, k\u013azav\u00e9 vokalick\u00e9 segmenty, ktor\u00e9 pozost\u00e1vaj\u00fa z dvoch akusticky rozl\u00ed\u0161ite\u013en\u00fdch komponentov E emf\u00e1za je osobitn\u00fd druh zd\u00f4raznenia \u2014 citov\u00fd d\u00f4raz etymologick\u00fd princ\u00edp \u2014 uplat\u0148uje sa pri p\u00edsan\u00ed dom\u00e1cich […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13105","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13105","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13105"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13105\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13124,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13105\/revisions\/13124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}