{"id":1360,"date":"2023-02-26T08:34:11","date_gmt":"2023-02-26T07:34:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=1360"},"modified":"2023-02-26T11:45:35","modified_gmt":"2023-02-26T10:45:35","slug":"zaklady-pedagogiky-5-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/zaklady-pedagogiky-5-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1klady pedagogiky-5-2"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Z\u00c1KLADY PEDAGOGIKY <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u0160kolsk\u00e9 prostredie a v\u00fdchova v \u0161kole<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u0160t\u00fdly rodinnej v\u00fdchovy v\u00fdrazne ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa aj vz\u0165ah die\u0165a\u0165a ku \u0161kole. \u0160kola predstavuje druh\u00fa v\u00fdchovn\u00fa in\u0161tit\u00faciu v\u00a0\u017eivote \u010dloveka, predstavuje prechod zo \u017eivota v\u00a0rodine do \u017eivota v spolo\u010dnosti. Mnoh\u00ed pedag\u00f3govia tvrdia, \u017ee bez dobr\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov a\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ce rodiny a\u00a0\u0161koly nem\u00f4\u017ee \u00faspe\u0161ne fungova\u0165 ani vzdel\u00e1vanie det\u00ed a ml\u00e1de\u017ee. Spolupr\u00e1cu rodiny a\u00a0\u0161koly ovplyv\u0148uje napr\u00edklad ve\u013ekos\u0165 rodiny, vzdelanie rodi\u010dov, soci\u00e1lny status rodiny a i. Spolupr\u00e1ca rodiny a\u00a0\u0161koly sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uje najm\u00e4 prostredn\u00edctvom triedneho u\u010dite\u013ea.<\/p>

V\u00a0kult\u00farnej spolo\u010dnosti \u0161kola zabezpe\u010duje plnenie z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch funkci\u00ed a\u00a0to funkciu v\u00fdchovn\u00fa a\u00a0vzdel\u00e1vaciu, <\/strong>ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010duje prostredn\u00edctvom vyu\u010dovania. Z\u00a0\u00falohy \u0161koly organizova\u0165 vyu\u010dovac\u00ed proces vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee ak sa orientujeme na utv\u00e1ranie, rozv\u00edjanie a\u00a0formovanie vlastnost\u00ed osobnosti,\u00a0 \u0161kola pln\u00ed aj \u010fal\u0161ie funkcie<\/strong>, ktor\u00fdmi s\u00fa:<\/p>

  • personaliza\u010dn\u00e1 <\/strong>(rozvoj osobnosti \u017eiaka ako auton\u00f3mnej bytosti),<\/strong><\/li>
  • kvalifika\u010dn\u00e1 <\/strong>(\u0161kola ako regul\u00e1tor pracovn\u00e9ho trhu, umo\u017enenie zaradenia do profesijn\u00e9ho \u017eivota),<\/li>
  • akultura\u010dn\u00e1 <\/strong>(vypestovanie kult\u00farnosti myslenia a\u00a0konania, na v\u0161tepovanie \u00facty ku kult\u00farnemu dedi\u010dstvu, na uplat\u0148ovanie estetick\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed),<\/li>
  • diferencia\u010dn\u00e1 a\u00a0selekt\u00edvna <\/strong>(vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 podmienky pre zara\u010fovanie \u017eiakov do vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch stup\u0148ov \u0161k\u00f4l a\u00a0do \u017eivota spolo\u010dnosti, rovnak\u00e9 pr\u00edle\u017eitosti v\u00a0pr\u00edstupe k\u00a0vzdelaniu),<\/li>
  • socializa\u010dn\u00e1 <\/strong>(uvedenie a\u00a0akt\u00edvne zapojenia \u017eiakov do spolo\u010dnosti v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tnom soci\u00e1lno-kult\u00farnom prostred\u00ed) (Obdr\u017e\u00e1lek, 2002).<\/li><\/ul>

    \u00a0<\/p>

    Samotn\u00fd pojem \u0161kola m\u00e1 etymologick\u00fd p\u00f4vod v\u00a0gr\u00e9ckom slove schol\u00e9<\/em>\u00a0 = vo\u013en\u00fd \u010das. Z\u00a0h\u013eadiska hist\u00f3rie preto mo\u017eno uvies\u0165, \u017ee prv\u00e9 \u0161koly, resp. vzdel\u00e1vacie in\u0161tit\u00facie u\u017e v\u00a0obdob\u00ed staroveku vznikali tam, kde sa za\u010dali \u013eudia stret\u00e1va\u0165 vo svojom vo\u013enom \u010dase. Postupn\u00fdm historick\u00fdm v\u00fdvojom vznikali r\u00f4zne typy a\u00a0stupne vzdel\u00e1vac\u00edch zariaden\u00ed a\u017e do ich s\u00fa\u010dasnej podoby.<\/p>

    Jednotliv\u00e9 stupne a\u00a0druhy \u0161k\u00f4l vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa \u0161kolsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd patr\u00ed k\u00a0najin\u0161titucionalizovanej\u0161ej a\u00a0najorganizovanej\u0161ej \u010dasti v\u00fdchovno-vzdel\u00e1vacej s\u00fastavy. Tak ako sa rozv\u00edjali r\u00f4zne typy \u0161k\u00f4l a \u0161kolsk\u00fdch s\u00fastav, menila sa i\u00a0po\u017eiadavka na povinn\u00fa \u0161kolsk\u00fa doch\u00e1dzku. Na na\u0161om \u00fazem\u00ed a\u017e Jozef\u00ednske reformy Jozefa\u00a0II.\u00a0priniesli povinn\u00fa \u0161kolsk\u00fa doch\u00e1dzku det\u00ed vo veku 6\u00a0\u2013\u00a012 rokov, ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fapis \u0161kolopovinn\u00fdch det\u00ed a\u00a0vytvorili podmienky pre rozvoj n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l. Za absenciu det\u00ed v\u00a0\u0161kole boli rodi\u010dia sankcionovan\u00ed.<\/p>

    Na \u00fazem\u00ed Slovenska bola povinn\u00e1 \u0161kolsk\u00e1 doch\u00e1dzka zaveden\u00e1 a\u017e v\u00a0Uhorsku, na z\u00e1klade z\u00e1kona XXXVIII z\u00a0roku\u00a01869 a\u00a0povinn\u00e1 \u0161kolsk\u00e1 doch\u00e1dzka bola uz\u00e1konen\u00e1 ako \u0161es\u0165ro\u010dn\u00e1 (od 6\u00a0\u2013\u00a012 r.). Za 1.\u00a0\u010ceskoslovenskej republiky v\u00a0zmysle Mal\u00e9ho \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a0226 z\u00a0r.\u00a01922 bola osemro\u010dn\u00e1\u00a0(6\u00a0\u2013\u00a014 r.). Po osloboden\u00ed v\u00a0roku\u00a01945 pod\u013ea 1.\u00a0\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a095\/1948 bola dev\u00e4\u0165ro\u010dn\u00e1\u00a0(do 15 r.), pod\u013ea z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a031\/1953 sa skr\u00e1tila na osemro\u010dn\u00fa. Na z\u00e1klade z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a0186\/1960\u00a0Zb. o\u00a0s\u00fastave v\u00fdchovy a\u00a0vzdel\u00e1vania stala sa op\u00e4\u0165 dev\u00e4\u0165ro\u010dnou. Na z\u00e1klade dokumentu\u00a0\u010eal\u0161\u00ed rozvoj \u010deskoslovenskej v\u00fdchovno-vzdel\u00e1vacej s\u00fastavy\u00a0a\u00a0z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a029\/1948\u00a0Zb. o\u00a0s\u00fastave z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch a\u00a0stredn\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l sa za\u010dala zav\u00e1dza\u0165 dev\u00e4\u0165ro\u010dn\u00e1 doch\u00e1dzka, ktor\u00fa \u017eiaci ukon\u010dia v\u00a02.\u00a0ro\u010dn\u00edku niektor\u00e9ho druhu strednej \u0161koly. Dev\u00e4\u0165ro\u010dn\u00e1 povinn\u00e1 \u0161kolsk\u00e1 doch\u00e1dzka sa vz\u0165ahovala aj na \u017eiakov \u0161k\u00f4l pre deti a\u00a0ml\u00e1de\u017e vy\u017eaduj\u00facu osobitn\u00fa starostlivos\u0165, okrem \u017eiakov pomocn\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l, ktor\u00ed doch\u00e1dzali do \u0161koly 8\u00a0rokov. Pod\u013ea ustanovenia \u00a734 z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a029\/1984\u00a0Zb. o\u00a0s\u00fastave z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch a\u00a0stredn\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l (\u0161kolsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon) v\u00a0znen\u00ed neskor\u0161\u00edch predpisov je povinn\u00e1 \u0161kolsk\u00e1 doch\u00e1dzka desa\u0165ro\u010dn\u00e1\u00a0a\u00a0trv\u00e1 najviac do konca \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho roka, v\u00a0ktorom \u017eiak dov\u0155\u0161i 16.\u00a0rok veku, ak nie je ustanoven\u00e9 inak (Pupala, 2013). Desa\u0165ro\u010dn\u00e1 povinn\u00e1 \u0161kolsk\u00e1 doch\u00e1dzka v\u00a0SR trv\u00e1 a\u017e po s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Z\u00c1KLADY PEDAGOGIKY \u0160kolsk\u00e9 prostredie a v\u00fdchova v \u0161kole \u0160t\u00fdly rodinnej v\u00fdchovy v\u00fdrazne ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa aj vz\u0165ah die\u0165a\u0165a ku \u0161kole. \u0160kola predstavuje druh\u00fa v\u00fdchovn\u00fa in\u0161tit\u00faciu v\u00a0\u017eivote \u010dloveka, predstavuje prechod zo \u017eivota v\u00a0rodine do \u017eivota v spolo\u010dnosti. Mnoh\u00ed pedag\u00f3govia tvrdia, \u017ee bez dobr\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov a\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ce rodiny a\u00a0\u0161koly nem\u00f4\u017ee \u00faspe\u0161ne fungova\u0165 ani vzdel\u00e1vanie det\u00ed a ml\u00e1de\u017ee. Spolupr\u00e1cu rodiny a\u00a0\u0161koly […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1360","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1360","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1360"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1360\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1562,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1360\/revisions\/1562"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}