{"id":1364,"date":"2023-02-26T08:35:08","date_gmt":"2023-02-26T07:35:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=1364"},"modified":"2023-04-25T18:33:56","modified_gmt":"2023-04-25T16:33:56","slug":"zaklady-pedagogiky-5-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/zaklady-pedagogiky-5-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1klady pedagogiky-5-4"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Z\u00c1KLADY PEDAGOGIKY <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kl\u00edma \u0161koly, kl\u00edma triedy, u\u010debn\u00e1 kl\u00edma<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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V\u00a0nadv\u00e4znosti na kap. 2.2, kde bol zadefinovan\u00fd pojem eduka\u010dn\u00e9 prostredie, chceme zd\u00f4razni\u0165, \u017ee nielen fyzik\u00e1lne ale aj psychosoci\u00e1lne prostredie (ako sa v\u00a0danom prostred\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci c\u00edtia, \u010do pre\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa, ak\u00e9 maj\u00fa vz\u0165ahy navz\u00e1jom) m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vplyv na priebeh a\u00a0v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdchovno-vzdel\u00e1vacieho procesu. V\u00a0tejto s\u00favislosti pr\u00e1ve so psychosoci\u00e1lnym prostred\u00edm ve\u013emi \u00fazko s\u00favis\u00ed problematika kl\u00edmy a\u00a0atmosf\u00e9ry. To, akej kvality je v\u00a0danej in\u0161tit\u00facii, \u010di v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tnej v\u00fdchovnej skupine aktu\u00e1lna kl\u00edma, m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00e1sadne determinova\u0165 priebeh, ale aj v\u00fdsledky eduka\u010dn\u00e9ho procesu, ktor\u00fd v\u00a0danom prostred\u00ed prebieha. Ak je kl\u00edma priazniv\u00e1, pozit\u00edvna, neohrozuj\u00faca, tvoriv\u00e1 a podnetn\u00e1 \u010di u\u017e to v\u00a0rodine, v\u00a0\u0161kole alebo v\u00a0in\u00fdch v\u00fdchovno-vzdel\u00e1vac\u00edch zariadeniach, tak aj rozvoj osobnosti die\u0165a\u0165a v\u00a0t\u00fdchto prostrediach bude priazniv\u00fd. Na druhej strane nevhodn\u00e1 kl\u00edma m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 vznik soci\u00e1lno-patologick\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov, m\u00f4\u017ee demotivova\u0165 \u017eiaka, zabra\u0148ova\u0165 dosahovaniu \u017eiaducich eduka\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledkov, m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 \u00fateky z\u00a0domu, z\u00e1\u0161kol\u00e1ctvo a\u00a0vyh\u00fdbanie sa povinnostiam.<\/p>

\u201eKl\u00edma \u0161koly <\/strong>je soci\u00e1lno-psychologick\u00e1 premenn\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 vyjadruje kvalitu interperson\u00e1lnych vz\u0165ahov a soci\u00e1lnych procesov, ktor\u00e9 funguj\u00fa v danej \u0161kole tak, ako ju vn\u00edmaj\u00fa, pre\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa a hodnotia u\u010ditelia, \u017eiaci, zamestnanci \u0161koly. S\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou kl\u00edmy \u0161koly je napr. kl\u00edma u\u010dite\u013esk\u00e9ho zboru<\/strong>, kl\u00edma \u0161kolsk\u00fdch tried<\/strong>, celkov\u00e9ho prostredia \u0161koly at\u010f.\u201c (Pr\u016fcha, Walterov\u00e1, Mare\u0161 1998, s. 107).<\/p>

Kl\u00edma triedy<\/strong> je \u201edlhodobej\u0161ie soci\u00e1lno-emocion\u00e1lne naladenie, zov\u0161eobecnen\u00e9 postoje a vz\u0165ahy, emocion\u00e1lne reakcie <\/em>\u017eiakov v danej triede na udalosti v triede vr\u00e1tane pedagogick\u00e9ho p\u00f4sobenia u\u010dite\u013eov. Rozli\u0161uje sa kl\u00edma aktu\u00e1lna <\/strong>a kl\u00edma preferovan\u00e1<\/strong>, ktor\u00fa si \u017eiaci \u017eelaj\u00fa. Kl\u00edmu triedy je mo\u017en\u00e9 zis\u0165ova\u0165 pomocou \u0161peci\u00e1lnych met\u00f3d\u201c (Pr\u016fcha, Walterov\u00e1, Mare\u0161 1998, s. 98), naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa dotazn\u00edky.<\/p>

U\u010debn\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra<\/strong> predstavuje kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 vplyvy p\u00f4sobiace na obsah a charakter komunik\u00e1cie medzi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkmi eduka\u010dn\u00fdch procesov (napr. moment\u00e1lny zdravotn\u00fd stav, po\u010dasie, ru\u0161iv\u00e9 vplyvy z\u00a0prostredia \u2013 hluk, teplota, svetelnos\u0165 apod…..).<\/p>

Charakteristiky pozit\u00edvnej kl\u00edmy v\u00a0\u0161kole s\u00fa napr\u00edklad nasledovn\u00e9:<\/strong><\/p>

– trieda je pr\u00edjemn\u00fdm miestom pre u\u010dite\u013eov i \u017eiakov,<\/p>

– existuje syst\u00e9m pr\u00e1ce, poriadok a pr\u00edjemn\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra,<\/p>

– \u017eiaci sa neob\u00e1vaj\u00fa po\u017eiada\u0165 u\u010dite\u013ea o pomoc a radu,<\/p>

– \u017eiaci pracuj\u00fa t\u00edmovo i individu\u00e1lne (pod\u013ea potreby),<\/p>

– \u017eiadny \u017eiak nem\u00e1 exkluzivitu, nie je vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00fd, \u010di zv\u00fdhod\u0148ovan\u00fd, v\u0161etci maj\u00fa rovnak\u00fa \u0161ancu dosiahnu\u0165 \u00faspech.<\/p>

V\u00a0z\u00e1vere treba uvies\u0165, \u017ee jedn\u00fdm z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch ukazovate\u013eov priaznivej kl\u00edmy \u010di u\u017e to v\u00a0\u0161kolsk\u00fdch, mimo\u0161kolsk\u00fdch zariadeniach alebo v\u00a0rodine je t\u00fa\u017eba rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 sa, nie\u010do robi\u0165 a navz\u00e1jom sa povzbudzova\u0165, podporova\u0165, ako aj zlep\u0161ova\u0165 seba\u00factu. Pozit\u00edvna kl\u00edma je charakteristick\u00e1 t\u00fdm, \u017ee v\u00a0kolekt\u00edve \u013eud\u00ed prevl\u00e1da vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 porozumenie, re\u0161pektovanie potrieb toho druh\u00e9ho, \u00fapln\u00e1 d\u00f4vera. Nielen dospel\u00ed, ale aj deti v takejto atmosf\u00e9re za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa poci\u0165ova\u0165 svoju vlastn\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165, konflikty s vonkaj\u0161\u00edm svetom str\u00e1caj\u00fa svoj v\u00fdznam, ka\u017ed\u00fd sa sna\u017e\u00ed realizova\u0165 svoje n\u00e1pady a pl\u00e1ny. K\u00a0podpore pozit\u00edvnej kl\u00edmy m\u00f4\u017ee prispie\u0165 v\u00fdznamnou mierou ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0\u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov eduka\u010dn\u00e9ho procesu \u2013 rodi\u010d, die\u0165a, u\u010dite\u013e.<\/p>

Podporn\u00e9 prostriedky ako dosiahnu\u0165 priazniv\u00fa kl\u00edmu m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 napr.: vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9<\/strong> debaty a\u00a0diskusie, vtip a\u00a0emocionalita vo vz\u00e1jomnej komunik\u00e1cii, zara\u010fovanie historiek do v\u00fdu\u010dby, pr\u00edkladov a uk\u00e1\u017eok dobrej praxe, vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pozit\u00edvne zast\u00e1vky <\/strong>apod. K\u00a0upevneniu pozit\u00edvnej kl\u00edmy m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 aj dodr\u017eiavanie nasledovn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed: stanovova\u0165 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, ale rozumn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky na spr\u00e1vanie \u017eiakov, resp. det\u00ed; v\u0161etci vychov\u00e1vatelia (rodi\u010dia, u\u010ditelia,..) p\u00f4sobiaci na \u017eiaka maj\u00fa pristupova\u0165 jednotne, s\u00a0rovnak\u00fdmi po\u017eiadavkami; usilova\u0165 sa pozna\u0165 osobnos\u0165 \u017eiaka hne\u010f od za\u010diatku pr\u00e1ce s\u00a0n\u00edm; by\u0165 vzorom spr\u00e1vania sa pre deti a\u00a0\u017eiakov a \u00a0ma\u0165 tak\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie, ak\u00e9 vychov\u00e1vate\u013e o\u010dak\u00e1va od die\u0165a\u0165a\/\u017eiaka.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z\u00c1KLADY PEDAGOGIKY Kl\u00edma \u0161koly, kl\u00edma triedy, u\u010debn\u00e1 kl\u00edma V\u00a0nadv\u00e4znosti na kap. 2.2, kde bol zadefinovan\u00fd pojem eduka\u010dn\u00e9 prostredie, chceme zd\u00f4razni\u0165, \u017ee nielen fyzik\u00e1lne ale aj psychosoci\u00e1lne prostredie (ako sa v\u00a0danom prostred\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci c\u00edtia, \u010do pre\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa, ak\u00e9 maj\u00fa vz\u0165ahy navz\u00e1jom) m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vplyv na priebeh a\u00a0v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdchovno-vzdel\u00e1vacieho procesu. V\u00a0tejto s\u00favislosti pr\u00e1ve so psychosoci\u00e1lnym prostred\u00edm ve\u013emi \u00fazko […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1364","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1364"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1364\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6517,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1364\/revisions\/6517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}