{"id":1667,"date":"2023-02-28T13:18:39","date_gmt":"2023-02-28T12:18:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=1667"},"modified":"2023-02-28T20:03:49","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T19:03:49","slug":"lexikologia-slovenskeho-jazyka-v-ucitelskej-praxi-4-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/lexikologia-slovenskeho-jazyka-v-ucitelskej-praxi-4-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Lexikol\u00f3gia slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka v u\u010dite\u013eskej praxi-4-1"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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LEXIKOL\u00d3GIA SLOVENSK\u00c9HO JAZYKA V U\u010cITE\u013dSKEJ PRAXI<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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HOVOROV\u00c9 SLOV\u00c1 <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Hovorov\u00e9 slov\u00e1 (kolokvializmy) patria do hovorovej \u0161t\u00fdlovej vrstvy spisovn\u00e9ho jazyka. Hovorov\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl sa vymedzuje ako cie\u013eavedom\u00fd v\u00fdber a usporiadanie t\u00fdch spisovn\u00fdch prostriedkov (i lexik\u00e1lnych), ktor\u00e9 akt\u00edvni pou\u017e\u00edvatelia slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v \u00fastnych prejavoch pri ka\u017edodennom styku v pr\u00e1ci, s priate\u013emi i v rodinnom prostred\u00ed. Hovorov\u00e9 slov\u00e1 tvoria z\u00e1klad lexiky s\u00fakromn\u00fdch, konverza\u010dn\u00fdch a\u00a0spont\u00e1nnych \u00fastnych prejavov a\u00a0je pre ne pr\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tnos\u0165, expres\u00edvnos\u0165 a obraznos\u0165 (Ripka, Imrichov\u00e1, 2004, s. 92). Hovorovos\u0165 v\u00a0zmysle hovorenosti, opieraj\u00faca sa o\u00a0be\u017en\u00fd hovoren\u00fd jazyk<\/em><\/strong> v\u00a0be\u017enej komunik\u00e1cii, zastre\u0161uje v\u0161etky spisovn\u00e9 aj nespisovn\u00e9 lex\u00e9my n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho jazyka (napr. spisovn\u00e9 slov\u00e1, slangy, n\u00e1re\u010dov\u00e9 a sub\u0161tandardn\u00e9 slov\u00e1), pr\u00edpadne lex\u00e9my vyzna\u010duj\u00face sa \u010dasovou pr\u00edznakovos\u0165ou alebo pr\u00edznakom p\u00f4vodu, alebo pr\u00edznakom expres\u00edvnosti (napr. zastar\u00e1vaj\u00face slov\u00e1, neologizmy, cudzojazy\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u017ei\u010dky, expres\u00edvne slov\u00e1 a\u00a0pod.) potrebn\u00e9 na be\u017en\u00e9 dorozumievanie. Ide teda o\u00a0s\u00fabor neform\u00e1lnych, uvo\u013enen\u00fdch prostriedkov potrebn\u00fdch na realizovanie be\u017en\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00ed. \u0160tylistick\u00fd kvalifik\u00e1tor vo v\u00fdkladovom slovn\u00edku expr.<\/em>, pr\u00edpadne pejor.<\/em> sa pridru\u017euje ku\u00a0kvalifik\u00e1toru hovor.<\/em>, ak je expres\u00edvny pr\u00edznak pri hovorovom slove zrete\u013en\u00fd (kum\u0161t, obsm\u0155da\u0165, zlump\u00e1\u010di\u0165 sa, bag\u00e1\u017e)<\/em>. Toto opieranie sa o\u00a0hovorovos\u0165 mo\u017eno ch\u00e1pa\u0165 v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161om zmysle, k\u00fdm v\u00a0u\u017e\u0161om zmysle sa vyklad\u00e1 v\u00a0spojitosti s\u00a0term\u00ednom hovorov\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl (Doln\u00edk, 2003, s. 187). \u0160tylistick\u00fdm kvalifik\u00e1torom hovor.<\/em> sa vo v\u00fdkladov\u00fdch slovn\u00edkoch sloven\u010diny ozna\u010duj\u00fa pr\u00e1ve lexik\u00e1lne jednotky s pr\u00edznakom hovorovosti v u\u017e\u0161om zmysle, teda spisovn\u00e9 prvky hovorov\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu (artikel, panel\u00e1k, baz\u00edrova\u0165, b\u00fara\u010dka, revan\u0161, kompliment)<\/em>.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Kolokvializmy \u00fazko hrani\u010dia s nespisovn\u00fdmi prostriedkami z\u00a0d\u00f4vodu im charakteristickej vlastnosti uvo\u013enenos\u0165, neform\u00e1lnos\u0165 a neofici\u00e1lnos\u0165, preto rozli\u0161ujeme dve vrstvy hovorov\u00fdch slov z h\u013eadiska bl\u00edzkosti s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi \u00fatvarmi jazyka (porov. Orgo\u0148ov\u00e1, Bohunick\u00e1, 2011, s. 143; P\u00ed\u0161ov\u00e1, 2008, s. 39):<\/p>

  1. vy\u0161\u0161ia vrstva hovorov\u00fdch slov<\/strong>, \u201ejadro\u201c \u0161tandardu s typick\u00fdmi exempl\u00e1rmi pomenovan\u00ed, m\u00e1 bl\u00edzko k spisovnej podobe vr\u00e1tane profesion\u00e1lnych slov (\u010dasenka, \u00e1\u010dkar, \u00farazovka, srdciar)<\/em>;<\/li>
  2. ni\u017e\u0161ia vrstva hovorov\u00fdch slov<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 bl\u00edzko k nespisovn\u00fdm \u00fatvarom (sub\u0161tandard, slang \u2013 zlep\u0161ov\u00e1k, balo\u0148\u00e1k, fitko<\/em>); ide aj o v\u00fdrazy s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou mierou expresivity na hranici vhodnosti (tentova\u0165 sa, poonden\u00fd)<\/em> (vo v\u00fdkladovom slovn\u00edku maj\u00fa kvalifik\u00e1tor ni\u017e. hovor.<\/em>).<\/li><\/ol>

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

    Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 vlastnosti hovorov\u00fdch slov<\/strong> s\u00fa neform\u00e1lnos\u0165, spont\u00e1nnos\u0165, uvo\u013enenos\u0165, \u00fastnos\u0165, neverejnos\u0165, neofici\u00e1lnos\u0165<\/em>. Typick\u00fdm znakom pre kolokvializmy je slovotvorn\u00fd postup univerbiz\u00e1cia<\/em><\/strong>, \u010di\u017ee redukcia lex\u00e9my: diplomov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca \u2013 diplomovka<\/em>.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

    \u0160tylistick\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie hovorov\u00fdch slov: <\/strong>prim\u00e1rne v neverejn\u00fdch prejavoch. Ke\u010f\u017ee je t\u00e1to lexika pr\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e1 pre spont\u00e1nnu a\u00a0uvo\u013enen\u00fa konverza\u010dn\u00fa re\u010d, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa preva\u017ene v\u00a0hovorovom \u0161t\u00fdle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    LEXIKOL\u00d3GIA SLOVENSK\u00c9HO JAZYKA V U\u010cITE\u013dSKEJ PRAXI HOVOROV\u00c9 SLOV\u00c1 Hovorov\u00e9 slov\u00e1 (kolokvializmy) patria do hovorovej \u0161t\u00fdlovej vrstvy spisovn\u00e9ho jazyka. Hovorov\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl sa vymedzuje ako cie\u013eavedom\u00fd v\u00fdber a usporiadanie t\u00fdch spisovn\u00fdch prostriedkov (i lexik\u00e1lnych), ktor\u00e9 akt\u00edvni pou\u017e\u00edvatelia slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v \u00fastnych prejavoch pri ka\u017edodennom styku v pr\u00e1ci, s priate\u013emi i v rodinnom prostred\u00ed. Hovorov\u00e9 slov\u00e1 tvoria […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1667","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1667","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1667"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1667\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1892,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1667\/revisions\/1892"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1667"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}