{"id":1669,"date":"2023-02-28T13:19:01","date_gmt":"2023-02-28T12:19:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=1669"},"modified":"2023-03-01T08:48:27","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T07:48:27","slug":"lexikologia-slovenskeho-jazyka-v-ucitelskej-praxi-4-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/lexikologia-slovenskeho-jazyka-v-ucitelskej-praxi-4-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Lexikol\u00f3gia slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka v u\u010dite\u013eskej praxi-4-2"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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LEXIKOL\u00d3GIA SLOVENSK\u00c9HO JAZYKA V U\u010cITE\u013dSKEJ PRAXI<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Odborn\u00e9 slov\u00e1<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Term\u00edn<\/strong> (nomen) sa ozna\u010duje jednak ako prvok konkr\u00e9tneho s\u00faboru odborn\u00fdch pomen\u00favac\u00edch prostriedkov, jednak ako hlavn\u00fd objekt te\u00f3rie terminol\u00f3gie (Mas\u00e1r, 2000, s. 11). Term\u00edn mo\u017eno definova\u0165 z\u00a0h\u013eadiska objektu te\u00f3rie terminol\u00f3gie ako \u201eprvok slovnej z\u00e1soby pomen\u00favaj\u00faci pojem vymedzen\u00fd defin\u00edciou a miestom v\u00a0syst\u00e9me pojmov konkr\u00e9tneho vedn\u00e9ho odboru, techniky,\u00a0 hospod\u00e1rstva a\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed\u201c<\/em> (Mas\u00e1r, 1991, s. 29). Term\u00edny nevznikaj\u00fa spont\u00e1nne v\u00a0pr\u00fade re\u010di, ale uvedomene v\u00a0procese pozn\u00e1vania a\u00a0myslenia. Uvedomenos\u0165 sa prejavuje aj pri systematiz\u00e1cii term\u00ednov a\u00a0ich pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed v\u00a0odbornej komunik\u00e1cii (Doln\u00edk, 2003, s. 175). V\u00fdznam term\u00ednov sa vystihuje defin\u00edciou a\u00a0je toto\u017en\u00fd s\u00a0pojmom, v\u00a0ktorom je zachyten\u00fd a\u00a0koncentrovan\u00fd v\u00fdsledok vedeck\u00e9ho pozn\u00e1vania ist\u00e9ho v\u00fdseku skuto\u010dnosti \u010di odborn\u00e9ho myslenia. Defin\u00edciou sa presne ur\u010duj\u00fa s\u00e9mantick\u00e9 hranice, obsah a\u00a0rozsah term\u00ednu, a\u00a0t\u00fdm sa jeho pou\u017e\u00edvanie obmedzuje na \u00fazke \u0161peci\u00e1lne odvetvia vedy, preto je pre ne\u0161pecialistov term\u00edn \u010dasto nezrozumite\u013en\u00fd. Z\u00a0predo\u0161l\u00e9ho je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee term\u00edn mus\u00ed sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 dve po\u017eiadavky: definovanos\u0165 term\u00ednu a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 zaradenie term\u00ednu do ist\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (porov. Mas\u00e1r, 2000, s. 12).<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Rozozn\u00e1vame dva druhy odborn\u00fdch slov:<\/p>

  • term\u00edny<\/strong> ako osobitn\u00e9 pr\u00edpady n\u00e1zvov \u010di pomenovan\u00ed vymedzen\u00e9 defin\u00edciou, pri\u010dom v\u00fdznam term\u00ednu je pr\u00edsne defini\u010dne ur\u010den\u00fd a reprezentuje pojem ako v\u00fdsledok my\u0161lienkovej oper\u00e1cie abstrahovania podstatn\u00fdch pr\u00edznakov nielen zmyslovo vn\u00edmate\u013en\u00fdch objektov, ale i abstraktn\u00fdch javov a\u00a0procesov (Orgo\u0148ov\u00e1, Bohunick\u00e1, 2011, s. 164), napr. sem\u00e9ma, algoritmus, fotosynt\u00e9za<\/em>;<\/li>
  • odborn\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy (nomeny) <\/strong>sa zvy\u010dajne opisuj\u00fa a\u00a0pomenov\u00e1vaj\u00fa konkr\u00e9tny, zmyslovo vn\u00edmate\u013en\u00fd objekt a\u00a0v\u00fdznam tejto lex\u00e9my, pri\u010dom pri tvorbe odborn\u00fdch n\u00e1zvov doch\u00e1dza k\u00a0zni\u017eovaniu miery defini\u010dnej ur\u010denosti a\u00a0k\u00a0zni\u017eovaniu miery pojmovosti a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 dominuje denotat\u00edvnos\u0165, \u010di\u017ee nominat\u00edvna funkcia (porov. Doln\u00edk, 2003), napr. poml\u010dka, kysl\u00edk, Kriv\u00e1\u0148, medve\u010f hned\u00fd, raj\u010diak jedl\u00fd<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

    Terminol\u00f3giu<\/strong> ur\u010dit\u00e9ho odboru tvor\u00ed s\u00fastava (syst\u00e9m) term\u00ednov, napr\u00edklad lingvistick\u00e1, psychologick\u00e1, biochemick\u00e1 terminol\u00f3gia. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 mo\u017eno terminol\u00f3giu ozna\u010di\u0165 ako za jazykovedn\u00fa discipl\u00ednu \u2013 n\u00e1uku a\u00a0vlastnostiach, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed a o\u00a0tvorbe term\u00ednov (Ripka, Imrichov\u00e1, 2004, s. 104). Oproti ostatn\u00fdm vrstv\u00e1m lexiky sa odborn\u00e1 terminol\u00f3gia zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161uje, rastie ve\u013emi intenz\u00edvne a\u00a0men\u00ed sa r\u00fdchlo (Ondrus, Horeck\u00fd, Furd\u00edk, 1980, s. 149). V\u00a0kontextoch s\u00fa term\u00edny nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 (auton\u00f3mne) a\u00a0neexistuje pri term\u00ednoch v\u00a0jednom odbore homonymita. V\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch vedn\u00fdch odboroch s\u00fa term\u00ednmi synonym\u00e1, tzv. dublet\u00e1 alebo dubletn\u00e9 slov\u00e1 (jazykoveda \u2013 lingvistika<\/em>). Takto popri sebe existuj\u00fa term\u00edny vedeck\u00e9 a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 aj populariza\u010dn\u00e9. Pojmy zakotven\u00e9 vo v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch vedeck\u00fdch term\u00ednoch naz\u00fdvame spolo\u010denskovedn\u00e9 term\u00edny, napr. synt\u00e9za, abstrakcia, interakcia, implicitn\u00fd<\/em>. Ak slov\u00e1 z\u00a0neutr\u00e1lnej lexiky, pr\u00edpadne in\u00e9ho odboru nadobudli presn\u00fd odborn\u00fd v\u00fdznam, ide o\u00a0zautomatizovan\u00e9 term\u00edny (kore\u0148, zub, kme\u0148, koleno)<\/em> (Ondrus, Horeck\u00fd, Furd\u00edk, 1980, s. 152). O\u00a0rozvoj slovenskej terminol\u00f3gie, o\u00a0budovanie a\u00a0usta\u013eovanie terminologick\u00fdch s\u00fastav sa zasl\u00fa\u017eil J\u00e1n Horeck\u00fd (1956, 1974 a\u00a0i.), ktor\u00fd bol zakladate\u013eom slovenskej terminologickej \u0161koly. Opis tejto problematiky \u00a0vydal v\u00a0diele Z\u00e1klady slovenskej terminol\u00f3gie<\/em> (1956). Jeden z\u00a0najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch predstavite\u013eov tejto \u0161koly je Ivan Mas\u00e1r (1991, 2000 a\u00a0i.), ktor\u00fd sa zasl\u00fa\u017eil o\u00a0usta\u013eovanie slovenskej terminol\u00f3gie, ale aj o populariz\u00e1ciu slovenskej terminol\u00f3gie.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

    Nomenklat\u00faru<\/strong> (n\u00e1zvoslovie) tvor\u00ed usporiadan\u00fd s\u00fabor odborn\u00fdch n\u00e1zvov (nomenov), napr. botanick\u00e1, geografick\u00e1, medic\u00ednska nomenklat\u00fara. Odborn\u00e9 slov\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 podobu jednoslovn\u00fdch pomenovan\u00ed (axiol\u00f3gia<\/em>), viacslovn\u00fdch term\u00ednov (kyselina chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e1<\/em>), kompoz\u00edt (biol\u00f3gia<\/em>), vlastn\u00fdch mien (Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania<\/em>), skratiek (IQ<\/em>); alfanumerick\u00fdch znakov (H2<\/sub>O<\/em>).<\/p>

    Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 vlastnosti term\u00ednov:<\/strong> definovanos\u0165, jednozna\u010dnos\u0165, kr\u00e1tkos\u0165, presnos\u0165, ust\u00e1lenos\u0165, spisovnos\u0165, syst\u00e9movos\u0165, prelo\u017eite\u013enos\u0165, internacion\u00e1lnos\u0165, slovotvorn\u00e1 odvodenos\u0165<\/em> a slovotvorn\u00e1 potencia (derivat\u00edvnos\u0165)<\/em>.<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

    \u0160tylistick\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie terminologickej lexiky:<\/strong> odborn\u00e9 slov\u00e1 a term\u00edny s\u00fa typick\u00e9 pre n\u00e1u\u010dn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl, ale vyskytuj\u00fa sa aj v administrat\u00edvnom a\u00a0publicistickom \u0161t\u00fdle, naopak v\u00a0hovorovom \u0161t\u00fdle sa nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa a\u00a0nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa sa opisom. V\u00a0populariza\u010dnej predn\u00e1\u0161ke sa term\u00edny pre lep\u0161iu zrozumite\u013enos\u0165 textu nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa dubletn\u00fdmi synonymami.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    LEXIKOL\u00d3GIA SLOVENSK\u00c9HO JAZYKA V U\u010cITE\u013dSKEJ PRAXI Odborn\u00e9 slov\u00e1 Term\u00edn (nomen) sa ozna\u010duje jednak ako prvok konkr\u00e9tneho s\u00faboru odborn\u00fdch pomen\u00favac\u00edch prostriedkov, jednak ako hlavn\u00fd objekt te\u00f3rie terminol\u00f3gie (Mas\u00e1r, 2000, s. 11). Term\u00edn mo\u017eno definova\u0165 z\u00a0h\u013eadiska objektu te\u00f3rie terminol\u00f3gie ako \u201eprvok slovnej z\u00e1soby pomen\u00favaj\u00faci pojem vymedzen\u00fd defin\u00edciou a miestom v\u00a0syst\u00e9me pojmov konkr\u00e9tneho vedn\u00e9ho odboru, techniky,\u00a0 hospod\u00e1rstva a\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1669","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1669","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1669"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1669\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1901,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1669\/revisions\/1901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1669"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}