{"id":1683,"date":"2023-02-28T13:21:47","date_gmt":"2023-02-28T12:21:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=1683"},"modified":"2023-03-01T09:27:01","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T08:27:01","slug":"lexikologia-slovenskeho-jazyka-v-ucitelskej-praxi-6-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/lexikologia-slovenskeho-jazyka-v-ucitelskej-praxi-6-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Lexikol\u00f3gia slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka v u\u010dite\u013eskej praxi-6-1"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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LEXIKOL\u00d3GIA SLOVENSK\u00c9HO JAZYKA V U\u010cITE\u013dSKEJ PRAXI<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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TYPY EXPRES\u00cdVNOSTI<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Expres\u00edvne slov\u00e1 sa vyzna\u010duj\u00fa:<\/p>

  • inherentnou expres\u00edvnos\u0165ou,<\/li>
  • adherentnou expres\u00edvnos\u0165ou,<\/li>
  • kontextovou expres\u00edvnos\u0165ou.<\/li><\/ul>

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

    Inherentn\u00e1 expres\u00edvnos\u0165<\/strong> umo\u017e\u0148uje pod\u00e1vate\u013eovi v\u00a0prejave vyjadri\u0165 svoj subjekt\u00edvny postoj a je syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm, trval\u00fdm pr\u00edznakom lexik\u00e1lnej jednotky bez oh\u013eadu na kontextov\u00e9 uplatnenie. Inherentn\u00e1 expresivita slov s\u00favis\u00ed s anom\u00e1liami postihuj\u00facimi formu slova v r\u00e1mci fonematick\u00e9ho alebo morfematick\u00e9ho zlo\u017eenia (Zima, 1961). V s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch v\u00fdkladov\u00fdch slovn\u00edkoch (Kr\u00e1tky slovn\u00edk slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka<\/em> a S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd slovn\u00edk slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka<\/em>) sa na ozna\u010denie inherentn\u00e9ho expres\u00edvneho pr\u00edznaku slova vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u0161tylistick\u00e9 kvalifik\u00e1tory pred z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm, neprenesen\u00fdm v\u00fdznamom slova. Inherentn\u00e1 expres\u00edvnos\u0165 je pr\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e1 pre negat\u00edvne v\u00fdrazy, ako s\u00fa nad\u00e1vky, pejorat\u00edva, dysfemizmy, ale aj pozit\u00edvne expres\u00edvne slov\u00e1, ako s\u00fa citov\u00e9 oslovenia, deminut\u00edva \u010di meliorat\u00edva.<\/p>

    1. Hradilov\u00e1 (2015, s. 15 \u2013 18) vy\u010dle\u0148uje typy expres\u00edv, ktor\u00e9:<\/li><\/ol>
      • v\u00a0jednej slabike sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa artikula\u010dne vzdialen\u00e9 hl\u00e1sky, napr. f\u0148uka\u0165<\/em>;<\/li>
      • obsahuj\u00fa hl\u00e1sky vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00face disharmonick\u00fd zvukov\u00fd efekt, napr. chrchla\u0165<\/em>, virvar<\/em>;<\/li>
      • obsahuj\u00fa hl\u00e1sky m\u00e1lo frekventovan\u00e9, napr. frmol<\/em>;<\/li>
      • maj\u00fa typick\u00e9 formanty tvoriace deminut\u00edva, napr. vank\u00fa\u0161ik<\/em>, pal\u010dek<\/em>;<\/li>
      • maj\u00fa typick\u00e9 formanty tvoriace augumentat\u00edva, napr. chlapina<\/em>, smer\u00e1k<\/em> (pr\u00edvr\u017eenec strany SMER-SD);<\/li>
      • obsahuj\u00fa formanty, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa mimo ich prim\u00e1rnej slovotvornej kateg\u00f3rie, napr. potterov\u010dina<\/em>, hotdog\u00e1re\u0148<\/em>;<\/li>
      • obsahuj\u00fa slovotvorn\u00e9 prostriedky cudzieho p\u00f4vodu, a\u00a0to hlavne v\u00a0kontrast\u00edvnom spojen\u00ed, napr. suk\u0148oidn\u00fd<\/em>, natoidn\u00fd<\/em>;<\/li>
      • obsahuj\u00fa slovotvorn\u00e9 z\u00e1klady, vstupuj\u00face do procesu kompoz\u00edcie a\u00a0prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00face expres\u00edvu negat\u00edvnu konot\u00e1ciu, napr. hur\u00e1pedag\u00f3g<\/em>, tie\u017eodborn\u00edk<\/em>, ve\u013ekozlo\u010din<\/em>;<\/li>
      • obsahuj\u00fa slovotvorn\u00e9 prostriedky, vstupuj\u00face do procesu kompoz\u00edcie a\u00a0 ozna\u010duj\u00face priaznivcov \u010di vyzn\u00e1va\u010dov nie\u010doho\/niekoho, napr. potterovec<\/em>, mobilomaniak<\/em>, \u010dajofil<\/em>, seri\u00e1lo\u017er\u00fat<\/em>, filmomil<\/em>;<\/li>
      • sa ozna\u010duj\u00fa ako tabuizovan\u00e9 slov\u00e1, napr. hajzel<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>

        \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

        Adherentn\u00e1 expres\u00edvnos\u0165<\/strong> je sprievodn\u00fdm pr\u00edznakom pren\u00e1\u0161ania v\u00fdznamu v\u00a0sekund\u00e1rnom v\u00fdzname, napr. v\u00a0slove cudzopasn\u00edk<\/em> je z\u00e1kladn\u00fd v\u00fdznam \u201ecudzopasn\u00fd \u017eivo\u010d\u00edch al. rastlina, parazit\u201c a\u00a0v\u00a0odvodenom v\u00fdzname s\u00a0pejorat\u00edvnym expres\u00edvnym v\u00fdznamom \u201eten, kto \u017eije z pr\u00e1ce in\u00fdch, pr\u00ed\u017eivn\u00edk\u201c, podobne je to v\u00a0slove byrokracia<\/em>, ktor\u00e9 v\u00a0prenesenom v\u00fdzname nadob\u00fada pejorat\u00edvny v\u00fdznam \u201enepru\u017en\u00e9, \u00fazkoprs\u00e9 uplat\u0148ovanie form\u00e1lnych pravidiel v\u00a0\u00faradovan\u00ed\u201c. T\u00e1to expresivita je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na inov\u00e1ci\u00e1ch v rovine v\u00fdznamu prostredn\u00edctvom pren\u00e1\u0161ania slov do nov\u00e9ho, neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9ho kontextu na z\u00e1klade podobnosti alebo s\u00favislosti (Hradilov\u00e1, 2015, s. 19). Adherentn\u00fa expres\u00edvnos\u0165 mo\u017eno identifikova\u0165 v\u00a0jednoslovn\u00fdch aj viacslovn\u00fdch ust\u00e1len\u00fdch pomenovaniach \u2013 fraz\u00e9mach a\u00a0lexikalizovan\u00fdch spojeniach, ke\u010f v\u00fdrazy v\u00a0sekund\u00e1rnom v\u00fdzname famili\u00e1rne, ironicky alebo vulg\u00e1rne vyjadruj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00fa vlastnos\u0165 \u010dloveka expres\u00edvnym sp\u00f4sobom (Braxatorisov\u00e1, 2021, s. 320).<\/p>

        \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

        Kontextov\u00e1 expres\u00edvnos\u0165<\/strong> vznik\u00e1 prostredn\u00edctvom n\u00e1padnej lexik\u00e1lnej jednotky v\u00a0kontexte, napr. pri vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed archaizmov v re\u010di ml\u00e1de\u017ee \u010di odborn\u00fdch slov vo famili\u00e1rnej konverz\u00e1cii.<\/p>

        \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

        Na osi kladn\u00e9ho a\u00a0z\u00e1porn\u00e9ho hodnotenia rozli\u0161ujeme dva typy expres\u00edvnych slov<\/strong>:<\/p>

        • expres\u00edvne slov\u00e1 s\u00a0kladn\u00fdm odtienkom,<\/li>
        • expres\u00edvne slov\u00e1 so\u00a0z\u00e1porn\u00fdm odtienkom.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          LEXIKOL\u00d3GIA SLOVENSK\u00c9HO JAZYKA V U\u010cITE\u013dSKEJ PRAXI TYPY EXPRES\u00cdVNOSTI Expres\u00edvne slov\u00e1 sa vyzna\u010duj\u00fa: inherentnou expres\u00edvnos\u0165ou, adherentnou expres\u00edvnos\u0165ou, kontextovou expres\u00edvnos\u0165ou. \u00a0 Inherentn\u00e1 expres\u00edvnos\u0165 umo\u017e\u0148uje pod\u00e1vate\u013eovi v\u00a0prejave vyjadri\u0165 svoj subjekt\u00edvny postoj a je syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm, trval\u00fdm pr\u00edznakom lexik\u00e1lnej jednotky bez oh\u013eadu na kontextov\u00e9 uplatnenie. Inherentn\u00e1 expresivita slov s\u00favis\u00ed s anom\u00e1liami postihuj\u00facimi formu slova v r\u00e1mci fonematick\u00e9ho alebo morfematick\u00e9ho zlo\u017eenia […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1683","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1683","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1683"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1683\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1943,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1683\/revisions\/1943"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}