{"id":1693,"date":"2023-02-28T13:23:54","date_gmt":"2023-02-28T12:23:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=1693"},"modified":"2023-03-01T09:49:39","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T08:49:39","slug":"lexikologia-slovenskeho-jazyka-v-ucitelskej-praxi-7-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/lexikologia-slovenskeho-jazyka-v-ucitelskej-praxi-7-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Lexikol\u00f3gia slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka v u\u010dite\u013eskej praxi-7-3"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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LEXIKOL\u00d3GIA SLOVENSK\u00c9HO JAZYKA V U\u010cITE\u013dSKEJ PRAXI<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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HLAVN\u00c9 PR\u00cd\u010cINY PREBERANIA CUDZ\u00cdCH SLOV DO SLOVEN\u010cINY<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Absencia\/neexistencia dom\u00e1ceho ekvivalentu<\/strong> poukazuje v dom\u00e1com jazyku na potrebu pomenova\u0165 cudz\u00ed objekt alebo re\u00e1liu, ke\u010f sa ned\u00e1<\/em><\/strong> utvori\u0165 vhodn\u00fd dom\u00e1ci v\u00fdraz<\/em><\/strong>. Preberanie slov z\u00a0cudzieho jazyka s\u00favis\u00ed s\u00a0tzv. lexik\u00e1lnym deficitom<\/em><\/strong>, ke\u010f cie\u013eov\u00fd jazyk moment\u00e1lne nem\u00e1 vlastn\u00fd dom\u00e1ci prostriedok na pomenovanie novej skuto\u010dnosti. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ide o\u00a0pomenovania z\u00a0gastron\u00f3mie, \u0161portu, IKT, bankovn\u00edctva, napr. web-browser, sharova\u0165, mafin, su\u0161i, pennybord, dron, cashback<\/em>.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

Pragmatick\u00fd faktor\/\u010dinite\u013e<\/strong> zna\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdhodu prevzat\u00e9ho slova oproti dom\u00e1cemu v\u00fdrazu z\u00a0h\u013eadiska:<\/p>

  • formy<\/em> <\/strong>\u2013 m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 pritom o zv\u00fdhodnen\u00fa jednoslovn\u00fa adaptovan\u00fa lex\u00e9mu, ust\u00e1len\u00e9 lexikalizovan\u00e9 pomenovanie \u010di skratku oproti nev\u00fdhodn\u00e9mu rozsiahlemu dom\u00e1cemu opisn\u00e9mu pomenovaniu, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje v dom\u00e1com jazyku neekonomickos\u0165 v\u00a0komunik\u00e1cii;<\/li>
  • slovotvorby<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 adaptovanie nov\u00fdch lex\u00e9m slovotvorn\u00fdmi prostriedkami obohacuje synonymick\u00e9 rady a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa eliminuje ochudobnenie slovnej z\u00e1soby pri nulovej tvorbe nov\u00fdch lex\u00e9m, napr. wellness <\/em>(\u201eprogram na zlep\u0161enie telesnej a du\u0161evnej kond\u00edcie\u201c \u2013 neexistencia odvoden\u00e9ho slova) \u2013 wellnessov\u00fd<\/em>; brainstorming (\u201eb\u00farka mozgov\u201c \u2013 motiv\u00e1cia v\u00a0dom\u00e1com v\u00fdraze je jednak ru\u0161iv\u00e1, jednak nedoch\u00e1dza k tvorbe nov\u00e9ho odvoden\u00e9ho slova); skener <\/em>(optick\u00fd alebo elektronick\u00fd mechanizmus sl\u00fa\u017eiaci na postupn\u00e9 sn\u00edmanie \u00fadajov \u2013 nulov\u00e1 tvorba odvoden\u00fdch lex\u00e9m) \u2013 skenova\u0165<\/em> \u2013 naskenova\u0165<\/em> \u2013 sken<\/em>, pri\u010dom pri slove skener existuje aj dom\u00e1ci ekvivalent sn\u00edma\u010d<\/em>, ale ten sa odchy\u013euje od v\u00fdznamu slova skener<\/em>, a\u00a0preto ho mo\u017eno ozna\u010di\u0165 ako nefunk\u010dn\u00fd a\u00a0ru\u0161iv\u00fd;<\/li>
  • \u0161tylistickej hodnoty <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 oproti dom\u00e1cemu ekvivalentu m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 prevzat\u00fd v\u00fdraz in\u00fa \u0161tylistick\u00fa hodnotu, napr. kreova\u0165<\/em> (kni\u017en\u00e9 slovo) \u2013 tvori\u0165, l\u00edzing <\/em>(odborn\u00e9 slovo z\u00a0ekonomiky) \u2013 pren\u00e1jom, shop <\/em>(slangov\u00e9 slovo) \u2013 obchod, bilbord<\/em> (bez \u0161tylistick\u00e9ho kvalifik\u00e1tora) \u2013 p\u00fata\u010d;<\/li>
  • internacionaliz\u00e1cie term\u00ednov<\/em><\/strong> v\u00a0profesijnej sf\u00e9re, napr. biznis<\/em> \u2013 obchodn\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165, blog<\/em> (internetov\u00fd denn\u00edk), dizajn<\/em> (v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie\/vzh\u013ead priemyseln\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku);<\/li>
  • prest\u00ed\u017ee a m\u00f3dnosti<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 tento \u010dinite\u013e reflektuje prejav v\u00a0be\u017enej komunik\u00e1cii ovplyvnen\u00fd hodnotami danej spolo\u010dnosti, napr. afterp\u00e1rty<\/em> (ve\u010dierok, posedenie), e-shop<\/em> (elektronick\u00fd obchod), comeback<\/em> (n\u00e1vrat), deadline <\/em>(posledn\u00fd term\u00edn). Na z\u00e1klade toho A. Jaro\u0161ov\u00e1 (2011, dostupn\u00e9 na: ec.europa.eu\/dgs\/translation\/sts\/files\/konf07\/Anglicizmy_Jarosova.pps) rozozn\u00e1va komunika\u010dn\u00fd register, ktor\u00fd triedi prevzat\u00e9 slov\u00e1 do skup\u00edn:
    • neutr\u00e1lne\/be\u017en\u00e9<\/strong> (mail, marketing<\/em>);<\/li>
    • odborn\u00e9 <\/strong>(skr\u00edning, internetbanking, holding<\/em>);<\/li>
    • publicizmy<\/strong> (hetrik, l\u00edder, samit<\/em>);<\/li>
    • slangizmy<\/strong> (ke\u0161, money, shop<\/em>).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      LEXIKOL\u00d3GIA SLOVENSK\u00c9HO JAZYKA V U\u010cITE\u013dSKEJ PRAXI HLAVN\u00c9 PR\u00cd\u010cINY PREBERANIA CUDZ\u00cdCH SLOV DO SLOVEN\u010cINY Absencia\/neexistencia dom\u00e1ceho ekvivalentu poukazuje v dom\u00e1com jazyku na potrebu pomenova\u0165 cudz\u00ed objekt alebo re\u00e1liu, ke\u010f sa ned\u00e1 utvori\u0165 vhodn\u00fd dom\u00e1ci v\u00fdraz. Preberanie slov z\u00a0cudzieho jazyka s\u00favis\u00ed s\u00a0tzv. lexik\u00e1lnym deficitom, ke\u010f cie\u013eov\u00fd jazyk moment\u00e1lne nem\u00e1 vlastn\u00fd dom\u00e1ci prostriedok na pomenovanie novej skuto\u010dnosti. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1693","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1693","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1693"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1693\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1967,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1693\/revisions\/1967"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1693"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}