{"id":1708,"date":"2023-02-28T13:29:05","date_gmt":"2023-02-28T12:29:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=1708"},"modified":"2023-03-01T10:42:53","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T09:42:53","slug":"lexikologia-slovenskeho-jazyka-v-ucitelskej-praxi-10-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/lexikologia-slovenskeho-jazyka-v-ucitelskej-praxi-10-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Lexikol\u00f3gia slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka v u\u010dite\u013eskej praxi-10-1"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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LEXIKOL\u00d3GIA SLOVENSK\u00c9HO JAZYKA V U\u010cITE\u013dSKEJ PRAXI<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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UNIVERBIZ\u00c1CIA<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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UNIVERBIZ\u00c1CIA (ZJEDNOSLOV\u0147OVANIE)<\/strong> je pretvorenie jednoslovn\u00fdch lexik\u00e1lnych jednotiek z viacslovn\u00fdch pomenovan\u00ed (VP); v\u00fdsledkom procesu univerbiz\u00e1cie s\u00fa univerb\u00e1ty<\/em><\/strong>. Pri univerbiz\u00e1cii mus\u00ed by\u0165 motivantom viacslovn\u00e9 pomenovanie, nie v\u0161ak vo\u013en\u00e1 syntagma. K univerbiz\u00e1cii doch\u00e1dza pod\u013ea M. Olo\u0161tiaka (2011, s. 138) v\u00a0procese straty syntaktickej motiv\u00e1cie, ke\u010f sa z\u00a0viacslovn\u00e9ho (syntakticky motivovan\u00e9ho) pomenovania st\u00e1va jednoslovn\u00e9 (syntakticky nemotivovan\u00e9) pomenovanie. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci univerbiz\u00e1cie doch\u00e1dza aj k\u00a0v\u00fdskytu variantn\u00fdch foriem univerb\u00e1tov, napr. morseovka\/morzeovka, MHD-\u010dka\/emh\u00e1d\u00e9\u010dka, z\u00e9d\u00e9\u0161ka\/z\u00e9dee\u0161ka<\/em> (porov. Palkov\u00e1, 2015, s. 298).<\/p>

\u00a0<\/u><\/p>

Univerbiza\u010dn\u00fdm motivantom<\/u> m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 (porov. Olo\u0161tiak, 2011, s. 25 \u2013 31).:<\/p>

  • neutr\u00e1lne viacslovn\u00e9 pomenovanie (miner\u00e1lna voda<\/u> \u2192 miner\u00e1lka), <\/em><\/li>
  • viacslovn\u00fd term\u00edn (rezac\u00ed stroj<\/u> \u2192 reza\u010dka), <\/em><\/li>
  • viacslovn\u00e9 proprium (Lomnick\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt<\/u> \u2192 Lomni\u010d\u00e1k)<\/em><\/li>
  • frazeologizmus (Achillova p\u00e4ta<\/u> \u2192 achilovka)<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>

    \u00a0<\/p>

    Synt\u00e9zou viacer\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed rozozn\u00e1vame tieto \u0161tyri hlavn\u00e9 typy a\u00a0podtypy univerbiz\u00e1cie<\/strong> (Olo\u0161tiak a\u00a0kol., 2015, s. 304 \u2013 330):<\/p>

    • deriva\u010dn\u00e1 a\u00a0kompozi\u010dn\u00e1 slovotvorn\u00e1 univerbiz\u00e1cia,<\/li>
    • elimina\u010dn\u00e1 (eliptick\u00e1) univerbiz\u00e1cia,<\/li>
    • abrevia\u010dn\u00e1 (sprostredkovan\u00e1) univerbiz\u00e1cia.<\/li><\/ul>

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

      Deriva\u010dn\u00e1 a\u00a0kompozi\u010dn\u00e1 slovotvorn\u00e1 univerbiz\u00e1cia<\/strong> je prechodn\u00fdm javom medzi deriv\u00e1ciou a\u00a0pretv\u00e1ran\u00edm, ke\u010f sa s\u00edce odvodzuje, ale nevznik\u00e1 nov\u00fd lexik\u00e1lny v\u00fdznam (Doln\u00edk, 2003, s. 161). Pri deriva\u010dnej univerbiz\u00e1cii<\/em><\/strong> sa pretv\u00e1ra viacslovn\u00e9 pomenovanie (naj\u010dastej\u0161ie dvojslovn\u00e9) na jednoslovn\u00e9, pri\u010dom sa vynechan\u00e9 slovo (ur\u010dovan\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 pomenovania \u2013 substant\u00edvum) nahr\u00e1dza slovotvornou pr\u00edponou (\u010dasto ide o formanty –k-<\/em>ov\u00e9ho typu), naj\u010dastej\u0161ie -ka\/-ko\/-ka, -\u00e1k\/-iak, -ovka, -ina\/-\u010dina<\/em><\/strong> pripojen\u00edm k\u00a0ur\u010duj\u00facej \u010dasti pomenovania (k adjekt\u00edvu, zriedkavo k numer\u00e1liu), napr. z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 \u0161kola \u2192 z\u00e1kladka, <\/em>rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9 zdru\u017eenie \u2192 rodi\u010dko, <\/em>vodi\u010dsk\u00fd preukaz \u2192 vodi\u010d\u00e1k, <\/em>n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 auto \u2192 n\u00e1kladiak, <\/em>\u0161panielsky jazyk \u2192 \u0161paniel\u010dina<\/em> (porov. Furd\u00edk, 2004; Vuz\u0148\u00e1kov\u00e1, 2006). Deriva\u010dn\u00e1 univerbiz\u00e1cia je najprodukt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edm typom univerbiz\u00e1cie so vznikom najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho po\u010dtu univerb\u00e1tov (vy\u0161e 90 %), z\u00a0toho najviac je zast\u00fapen\u00e1 sufix\u00e1lna deriv\u00e1cia, len v\u00fdnimo\u010dne sa realizuje univerbiz\u00e1cia transflexiou, napr. mobiln\u00fd telef\u00f3n \u2192 mobil<\/em> (Olo\u0161tiak, Ivanov\u00e1, 2013, s. 141). Kompozi\u010dn\u00e1 univerbiz\u00e1cia<\/em><\/strong> je zriedkav\u00e1, pri\u010dom sa neeliminuje \u017eiadny komponent viacslovn\u00e9ho pomenovania a\u00a0VP sa pretv\u00e1ra na kompozitum v\u00a0r\u00e1mci postupu vlastnej kompoz\u00edcie pomocou sp\u00e1jacej morf\u00e9my (elektrick\u00fd \u0161ok \u2192 elektro\u0161ok<\/em>) alebo bez nej (benz\u00ednov\u00e1 pumpa \u2192 benz\u00ednpumpa<\/em>) (Olo\u0161tiak, Ivanov\u00e1, 2013, s. 142).<\/p>

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

      Elimina\u010dn\u00e1 <\/strong>(eliptick\u00e1) univerbiz\u00e1cia <\/strong>\u2013 v\u00a0tomto procese doch\u00e1dza k\u00a0vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aniu \u010dasti viacslovn\u00e9ho pomenovania, pri\u010dom sa slovo vynech\u00e1 bez n\u00e1hrady, napr. hlavn\u00e1 sestra \u2192 hlavn\u00e1, <\/em>sk\u00fa\u0161kov\u00e9 obdobie \u2192 sk\u00fa\u0161kov\u00e9, <\/em>triedny u\u010dite\u013e \u2192 triedny, <\/em>ko\u017en\u00e9 oddelenie \u2192 ko\u017en\u00e9<\/em>.<\/p>

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

      Abrevia\u010dn\u00e1<\/strong> (sprostredkovan\u00e1) univerbiz\u00e1cia<\/strong> \u2013 do procesu univerbiz\u00e1cie vstupuj\u00fa abrevi\u00e1ty (skratky) vytvoren\u00e9 v\u00a0procese redukcie z viacslovn\u00fdch pomenovan\u00ed, n\u00e1sledne vznikaj\u00fa univerb\u00e1ty <\/em>\u2013 skratkov\u00e9 slov\u00e1<\/em> (nejde teda o priamu univerbiz\u00e1ciu). Tento druh univerb\u00e1tov sa vyu\u017e\u00edva v\u00a0\u00fastnom vyjadrovan\u00ed, i\u00a0ke\u010f s\u00fa utvoren\u00e9 zo skratiek z p\u00edsan\u00e9ho jazyka, napr. spolo\u010dnos\u0165 s ru\u010den\u00edm obmedzen\u00fdm \u2192 s. r. o. \u2192 esero\u010dka, <\/em>s\u00fakromn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e1 slu\u017eba \u2192 SBS \u2192 esb\u00e9eska, <\/em>Mestsk\u00e1 hromadn\u00e1 doprava \u2192 MHD \u2192 emh\u00e1de\u010dka, <\/em>Cesta hrdinov Slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho povstania \u2192 Cesta hrdinov SNP \u2192 Esenp\u00e9\u010dka<\/em>.<\/p>

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

      Pr\u00ed\u010diny vzniku a vyu\u017eitie univerb\u00e1tov<\/strong><\/p>

      Univerbiz\u00e1cia je charakteristick\u00e1 ekonomiz\u00e1ciou, \u010di\u017ee \u00faspornos\u0165ou a\u00a0jej dom\u00e9nou je preto sf\u00e9ra be\u017enej hovorovej komunik\u00e1cie. Ako v\u0161eobecnej\u0161\u00ed term\u00edn na tento jav \u00faspornosti v\u00a0jazyku mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 jazykov\u00e1 ekon\u00f3mia<\/em>, resp. ekonomika v\u00fdrazu<\/em> (porov. Findra, 2013, s. 106). Univerb\u00e1ty mo\u017eno rozozn\u00e1va\u0165 pod\u013ea pr\u00edznakov na osi spisovn\u00e9 \u2013 nespisovn\u00e9 a\u00a0ofici\u00e1lne \u2013 neofici\u00e1lne. Mnoh\u00e9 univerbizovan\u00e9 slov\u00e1 vznikli v \u00fazkej slangovej komunik\u00e1cii, v profesijnom slangu \u010di v\u00a0z\u00e1ujmovej oblasti a\u00a0postupne prenikli do spisovnej sf\u00e9ry jazyka. Viacer\u00e9 univerbizovan\u00e9 pomenovania sa stali \u0161tylisticky neutr\u00e1lnymi, \u010di\u017ee bezpr\u00edznakov\u00fdmi lexik\u00e1lnymi jednotkami, rovnako sa z\u00a0nich mohli sta\u0165 term\u00edny. Niektor\u00e9 univerb\u00e1ty si zachovali svoju \u0161tylistick\u00fa pr\u00edznakovos\u0165, a preto sl\u00fa\u017eia v\u00a0jazykovej praxi na up\u00fatanie pr\u00edjemcu a p\u00f4sobenie na neho v\u00a0ur\u010den\u00fdch intenci\u00e1ch (Bos\u00e1k, 1984, s. 69). Vzh\u013eadom na dynamick\u00e9 procesy v\u00a0jazyku a\u00a0aktualiz\u00e1ciu jazykov\u00fdch prostriedkov \u010di vzh\u013eadom na hovorov\u00fa a\u00a0hovoren\u00fa\u00a0 povahu univerb\u00e1tov nemo\u017eno hovori\u0165 o\u00a0uzavretom s\u00fabore a\u00a0\u010falej sa po\u010d\u00edta s\u00a0neust\u00e1lym prib\u00fadan\u00edm univerb\u00e1tov v\u00a0sloven\u010dine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      LEXIKOL\u00d3GIA SLOVENSK\u00c9HO JAZYKA V U\u010cITE\u013dSKEJ PRAXI UNIVERBIZ\u00c1CIA UNIVERBIZ\u00c1CIA (ZJEDNOSLOV\u0147OVANIE) je pretvorenie jednoslovn\u00fdch lexik\u00e1lnych jednotiek z viacslovn\u00fdch pomenovan\u00ed (VP); v\u00fdsledkom procesu univerbiz\u00e1cie s\u00fa univerb\u00e1ty. Pri univerbiz\u00e1cii mus\u00ed by\u0165 motivantom viacslovn\u00e9 pomenovanie, nie v\u0161ak vo\u013en\u00e1 syntagma. K univerbiz\u00e1cii doch\u00e1dza pod\u013ea M. Olo\u0161tiaka (2011, s. 138) v\u00a0procese straty syntaktickej motiv\u00e1cie, ke\u010f sa z\u00a0viacslovn\u00e9ho (syntakticky motivovan\u00e9ho) pomenovania st\u00e1va jednoslovn\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1708","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1708","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1708"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1708\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2016,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1708\/revisions\/2016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1708"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}