{"id":2209,"date":"2023-03-01T18:34:28","date_gmt":"2023-03-01T17:34:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=2209"},"modified":"2023-05-05T14:11:36","modified_gmt":"2023-05-05T12:11:36","slug":"kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-3-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-3-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska-3-2"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2209\" class=\"elementor elementor-2209\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-01dddfd elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"01dddfd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-563f7c1\" data-id=\"563f7c1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-befc536 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"befc536\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2858d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2858d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e63bd34\" data-id=\"e63bd34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b79421 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b79421\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb0ded5\" data-id=\"bb0ded5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-759b076 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"759b076\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Posledn\u00fd osvietensk\u00fd cis\u00e1r<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9d5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aa9d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u0148a 6. febru\u00e1ra 1790 nap\u00edsal Jozef II. Leopoldovi posledn\u00fd list. Informoval v&nbsp;\u0148om svojho brata o&nbsp;svojom neust\u00e1le sa zhor\u0161uj\u00facom zdravotnom stave a&nbsp;z\u00e1mere mu odovzda\u0165 vl\u00e1du. K&nbsp;listu dokonca prilo\u017eil aj lek\u00e1rmi podp\u00edsan\u00fd doklad o&nbsp;pos\u00faden\u00ed jeho choroby. Napriek bratov\u00fdm prosb\u00e1m sa Leopold u\u017e v\u010das do Viedne nedostavil a&nbsp;o dva t\u00fd\u017edne nesk\u00f4r pri\u0161la na jeho tosk\u00e1nsky dvor spr\u00e1va o&nbsp;Jozefovej smrti. Na za\u010diatku marca 1790 Leopold opustil Tosk\u00e1nsko a&nbsp;cestoval do Viedne, aby sa ujal vl\u00e1dy nad r\u00ed\u0161ou a&nbsp;habsbursk\u00fdmi dedi\u010dn\u00fdmi krajinami. Situ\u00e1cia v&nbsp;monarchii bola kritick\u00e1, a&nbsp;tak ju vn\u00edmal aj samotn\u00fd Leopold. Pod\u013ea jeho vlastn\u00fdch slov bola krajina zmietan\u00e1 viacer\u00fdmi spormi, vl\u00e1dol v&nbsp;nej zm\u00e4tok, nespravodlivos\u0165 a&nbsp;korupcia. Povstanie hrozilo v&nbsp;Uhorsku a&nbsp;Tirolsku, ve\u013ek\u00fa nespokojnos\u0165 d\u00e1vali najavo \u010dlenovia rak\u00faskej a&nbsp;\u010deskej aristokracie. Vzb\u00faren\u00e9 stavy v&nbsp;Rak\u00faskom Nizozemsku za\u0161li a\u017e tak \u010faleko, \u017ee vyhl\u00e1sili nez\u00e1vislos\u0165. Ohrozenie prich\u00e1dzalo aj zo strany zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed. Na\u010falej pr\u00edtomn\u00e1 bola vojna s Osmanskou r\u00ed\u0161ou. Na severe hrozil vojensk\u00fd konflikt s Pruskom a Po\u013eskom, ktor\u00e9 chcelo vyu\u017ei\u0165 tiesniv\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu Viedne a \u017eiadalo navr\u00e1tenie Hali\u010de. K zvl\u00e1dnutiu kritickej vn\u00fatropolitickej a zahrani\u010dnej situ\u00e1cie bolo potrebn\u00e9 \u010do najsk\u00f4r aplikova\u0165 rozumn\u00e9 a&nbsp;\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 opatrenia. Leopold si to dobre uvedomoval a&nbsp;u\u017e od za\u010diatku mu bolo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee tento stav dok\u00e1\u017ee zvr\u00e1ti\u0165 len prostredn\u00edctvom \u00fastupkov vo\u010di nespokojn\u00fdm n\u00e1rodom a&nbsp;z\u00e1ujmov\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ako prv\u00e9 sa Leopold sna\u017eil vyrie\u0161i\u0165 extern\u00e9 probl\u00e9my r\u00ed\u0161e. Podp\u00edsan\u00edm Reichenba\u0161skej zmluvy v&nbsp;j\u00fali 1790 bolo urovnan\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie s&nbsp;Pruskom. T\u00fdmto aktom boli taktie\u017e neutralizovan\u00e9 po\u013esk\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky. O&nbsp;rok nesk\u00f4r, t. j. v&nbsp;auguste 1791 bol dohodnut\u00fd mier s&nbsp;Osmanmi, a&nbsp;to aj napriek tomu, \u017ee monarchia zaznamenala na Balk\u00e1ne viacer\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 \u00faspechy. Pr\u00edkladom toho je napr\u00edklad dobytie Belehradu rak\u00faskym vojvodcom Ernstom Gideonom Laudonom v&nbsp;okt\u00f3bri 1789.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0160pecifick\u00e1 bola situ\u00e1cia v&nbsp;Uhorsku. U\u017e na konci vl\u00e1dy Jozefa II. prevl\u00e1dali v&nbsp;krajine n\u00e1lady, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 v&nbsp;istom zmysle ozna\u010di\u0165 za nacionalistick\u00e9. Viacero \u010dlenov uhorskej \u0161\u013eachty, ktor\u00ed vn\u00edmali \u010das\u0165 Jozefov\u00fdch reforiem za germaniz\u00e1ciu Uhorska, napr\u00edklad spievali latinsk\u00fa verziu franc\u00fazskej Marseillaisy a odhadzovali nemeck\u00e9 oble\u010denie. K&nbsp;nim sa pridali aj niektor\u00e9 stoli\u010dn\u00e9 \u00farady, ktor\u00e9 za\u010dali bez povolenia \u00faradova\u0165 v&nbsp;ma\u010far\u010dine a&nbsp;dokonca sa na hraniciach p\u00e1lili nemeck\u00e9 knihy a&nbsp;protokoly z&nbsp;katastrov. Leopoldove amb\u00edcie v\u0161ak ohrozovali predov\u0161etk\u00fdm \u00favahy ist\u00fdch predstavite\u013eov uhorskej \u0161\u013eachty, ktor\u00ed sa pohr\u00e1vali s&nbsp;my\u0161lienkou zru\u0161enia dedi\u010dnosti sv\u00e4to\u0161tefanskej koruny v&nbsp;habsbursko-lotrinskom rode a&nbsp;vyhl\u00e1senia neplatnosti <em>Pragmatickej sankcie<\/em>. T\u00edto \u0161\u013eachtici za\u0161li a\u017e tak \u010faleko, \u017ee viedli tajn\u00e9 rokovania s&nbsp;prusk\u00fdm kr\u00e1\u013eom Fridrichom Vilhelmom II. V\u00fdmenou za pomoc v&nbsp;povstan\u00ed mu pon\u00fakali kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fa korunu pre jeho syna.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nepokoje sa preniesli aj do vojenskej zlo\u017eky spolo\u010dnosti. Niektor\u00ed \u010dlenovia vy\u0161\u0161ieho d\u00f4stojn\u00edckeho zboru uhorsk\u00fdch plukov predniesli po\u017eiadavku osobitn\u00e9ho zast\u00fapenia vojensk\u00e9ho stavu na sneme. Hlavn\u00ed predstavitelia uhorsk\u00e9ho d\u00f4stojn\u00edctva taktie\u017e \u017eiadali vytvorenie samostatnej vojenskej rady pre Uhorsko. Tak\u00e9to n\u00e1roky Leopold rezol\u00fatne zamietol a&nbsp;d\u00f4stojn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed mali amb\u00edcie organizova\u0165 uhorsk\u00e9 vojsko nechal po ulo\u017een\u00ed disciplin\u00e1rneho trestu alokova\u0165 do Rak\u00faskeho Nizozemska.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Priam revolu\u010dn\u00e9 pomery v&nbsp;Uhorsku sa Leopold rozhodol rie\u0161i\u0165 nen\u00e1silne. V&nbsp;tom mu bola n\u00e1pomocn\u00e1 aj \u0161irok\u00e1 sie\u0165 tajn\u00fdch agentov \u2013 provokat\u00e9rov. T\u00ed vyvol\u00e1vali nespokojnos\u0165 poddansk\u00e9ho obyvate\u013estva a&nbsp;nab\u00e1dali mest\u00e1 k&nbsp;tomu, aby na sneme po\u017eadovali v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu politick\u00fa moc. Agenti akt\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148ovali aj postoje \u0161\u013eachty. Medzi ich predstavite\u013emi konkr\u00e9tne roz\u0161irovali pl\u00e1ny reforiem, ktor\u00e9 v\u0161ak neboli nad r\u00e1mec stavovsk\u00fdch privil\u00e9gi\u00ed. Osoby, ktor\u00e9 preukazovali najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu mieru radikaliz\u00e1cie, boli zo svojich \u00faradov odvolan\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zasadnutie uhorsk\u00e9ho snemu v Bud\u00edne, ktor\u00e9 sa za\u010dalo d\u0148a 10. j\u00fana 1790 bolo pre uhorsk\u00fa \u0161\u013eachtu n\u00e1dejou na rozsiahle zmeny. V&nbsp;samotnom \u00favode schv\u00e1lila doln\u00e1 tabu\u013ea snemu, \u017ee rokovanie aj z\u00e1pisnica sa bude vies\u0165 v&nbsp;ma\u010far\u010dine. Porady prebiehali pod\u013ea jednotliv\u00fdch obvodov (naddunajsk\u00fd, zadunajsk\u00fd, predtisk\u00fd a&nbsp;z\u00e1tisk\u00fd) a&nbsp;predmetom plen\u00e1rnych rokovan\u00ed sa stali a\u017e ich n\u00e1vrhy. Emot\u00edvne boli predov\u0161etk\u00fdm vyst\u00fapenia niektor\u00fdch predstavite\u013eov potisk\u00fdch stol\u00edc. Rezonovala predov\u0161etk\u00fdm ich po\u017eiadavka prija\u0165 vyhl\u00e1senie, ktor\u00fdm mala habsbursko-lotrinsk\u00e1 dynastia strati\u0165 pr\u00e1vo dedenia tr\u00f3nu. Ako garanta zvrchovanosti Uhorska navrhovali Prusk\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo. T\u00fato my\u0161lienku v\u0161ak napokon nepodporil dostato\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det deleg\u00e1tov snemu. V&nbsp;novembri sa snem presunul do Bratislavy a&nbsp;v&nbsp;tom \u010dase u\u017e bola situ\u00e1cia odli\u0161n\u00e1. Stavy, ktor\u00e9 vo\u010di Leopoldovi zachov\u00e1vali opozi\u010dn\u00fd postoj boli nejednotn\u00e9 a&nbsp;jeho mocensk\u00fa poz\u00edciu upevnila aj cis\u00e1rska korunov\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 prebehla 9. okt\u00f3bra 1790 vo Frankfurte nad Mohanom.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Napriek nev\u00f4li kancel\u00e1ra Kaunitza sa Leopold podujal vo\u010di uhorsk\u00fdm stavom postupova\u0165 zmierlivo, cestou kompromisov a&nbsp;\u00fastupkov. Obnovil stoli\u010dn\u00fa samospr\u00e1vu a&nbsp;\u010dinnos\u0165 pansk\u00fdch stol\u00edc. Zak\u00e1zal ak\u00e9ko\u013evek bud\u00face zememera\u010dsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce a&nbsp;neplatn\u00fdmi sa stali v\u0161etky tie, ktor\u00e9 sa u\u017e vykonali za Jozefa II. a&nbsp;mali vies\u0165 k&nbsp;v\u0161eobecn\u00e9mu zdaneniu p\u00f4dy. \u00daradn\u00fdm jazykom sa op\u00e4\u0165 stala latin\u010dina. Z&nbsp;h\u013eadiska jazykov\u00fdch z\u00e1konov je v\u0161ak v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci uhorskej hist\u00f3rie d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm to, \u017ee uznesenia snemov z&nbsp;rokov 1791 \u2013 1792 umo\u017enili, aby sa na vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch za\u010dala vyu\u010dova\u0165 ma\u010far\u010dina ako povinn\u00fd predmet. Rovnako tak bolo stanoven\u00e9, aby ju ovl\u00e1dali aj u\u010ditelia \u013eudov\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l a&nbsp;mohli ju tak vyu\u010dova\u0165. Tento krok viedol k&nbsp;tomu, aby sa ma\u010far\u010dina postupne presadzovala aj v&nbsp;nema\u010farsk\u00fdch oblastiach Uhorska.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;Uhorsk\u00e1 \u0161\u013eachta tie\u017e pozit\u00edvne vn\u00edmala to, \u017ee snem sa u\u017e v&nbsp;bud\u00facnosti nemal kona\u0165 v&nbsp;Bratislave, ale v&nbsp;Bud\u00edne. Pri niektor\u00fdch ot\u00e1zkach v\u0161ak bol Leopold neoblomn\u00fd. V&nbsp;plnom rozsahu potvrdil patent o&nbsp;zru\u0161en\u00ed nevo\u013en\u00edctva, <em>Toleran\u010dn\u00fd patent<\/em>, ako aj potvrdenie platnosti terezi\u00e1nskej urb\u00e1rskej regul\u00e1cie a&nbsp;slobody s\u0165ahovania poddan\u00fdch. Osobitn\u00fdm z\u00e1konom bol nariaden\u00fd z\u00e1kaz mu\u010denia, aj napriek tomu, \u017ee tort\u00fara bola u\u017e v&nbsp;minulosti odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 M\u00e1riou Ter\u00e9ziou. Gestom zmierenia medzi Leopoldom a&nbsp;uhorsk\u00fdmi stavmi bola vo\u013eba palat\u00edna. Panovn\u00edk sa rozhodol re\u0161pektova\u0165 trad\u00edcie. Na papier nap\u00edsal men\u00e1 \u0161tyroch kandid\u00e1tov a&nbsp;dal ho zape\u010dati\u0165. Av\u0161ak gr\u00f3f Karol Zichy, ktor\u00fd bol krajinsk\u00fdm sudcom, obom tabul\u00e1m uhorsk\u00e9mu snemu odporu\u010dil, aby bol jedin\u00fdm kandid\u00e1tom Leopoldov syn Alexander Leopold. Mlad\u00fd arcivojvoda sa tak stal palat\u00ednom s&nbsp;trval\u00fdm s\u00eddlom v&nbsp;Bud\u00edne. Po tomto akte sa 15. novembra 1790 uskuto\u010dnila Leopoldova korunov\u00e1cia za uhorsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013ea.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O&nbsp;mesiac nesk\u00f4r sa Leopold rozhodol urovna\u0165 pomery v&nbsp;Rak\u00faskom Nizozemsku. Cis\u00e1rskemu vojsku sa podarilo bez boja obsadi\u0165 Brusel a&nbsp;bola tak obnoven\u00e1 habsbursk\u00e1 zvrchovanos\u0165 v&nbsp;tejto krajine. Vo\u010di povstalcom sa rozhodol postupova\u0165 zmierlivo. Vyhl\u00e1sil pre nich amnestiu, obnovil star\u00e9 stavovsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va a&nbsp;odvolal viacer\u00e9 Jozefove nariadenia t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa cirkevn\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. V&nbsp;roku 1791 bola stabilizovan\u00e1 aj situ\u00e1cia v&nbsp;\u010cech\u00e1ch. Aj tu prist\u00fapil Leopold ku kompromisom. Obnovil stavovsk\u00fa \u00fastavu, zru\u0161il niektor\u00e9 nepopul\u00e1rne nariadenia svojho brata a&nbsp;nechal do Prahy prenies\u0165 \u010desk\u00e9 korunova\u010dn\u00e9 klenoty, ktor\u00e9 boli dovtedy ulo\u017een\u00e9 vo Viedni. Za \u010desk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013ea bol korunovan\u00fd 6. septembra 1791. Pri tejto pr\u00edle\u017eitosti nap\u00edsal na \u017eiados\u0165 \u010desk\u00fdch stavov, rak\u00fasky hudobn\u00fd skladate\u013e Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fa operu <em>Ve\u013ekorysos\u0165 Titova (La clemenza di Tito)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">K\u00fdm v&nbsp;dedi\u010dn\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch bol Leopold \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd, v&nbsp;Tosk\u00e1nsku po jeho odchode vypukli nepokoje, ktor\u00e9 ohrozovali jeho reformn\u00e9 dielo v&nbsp;tomto ve\u013ekovojvodstve. Napriek tomu, \u017ee sa najprv sna\u017eil reagova\u0165 diplomaticky, nesk\u00f4r prist\u00fapil k&nbsp;tvrd\u0161\u00edm opatreniam. Obnovil tu trest smrti a&nbsp;na pacifik\u00e1ciu rebelov povolal vojsko. Svojho ve\u013ekovojvodsk\u00e9ho tr\u00f3nu sa vzdal 21. j\u00fala 1790 v&nbsp;prospech svojho druhoroden\u00e9ho syna Ferdinanda.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Leopold sa sna\u017eil reagova\u0165 aj na revolu\u010dn\u00e9 udalosti vo Franc\u00fazsku. Bol v&nbsp;pravidelnom p\u00edsomnom styku so svojou sestrou M\u00e1riou Antoinettou, ktor\u00e1 ho o&nbsp;tom \u010do sa deje informovala. D\u0148a 27. augusta 1791 uzavrel s&nbsp;prusk\u00fdm panovn\u00edkom Fridrichom II. Vilhelmom na z\u00e1mku Pillnitz pri Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fanoch obrann\u00fa deklar\u00e1ciu. P\u00f4vodne chceli rie\u0161i\u0165 vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy a&nbsp;postup vo\u010di Osmanskej r\u00ed\u0161i, no pr\u00edchod deleg\u00e1cie franc\u00fazskych emigrantov ich presved\u010dil zmeni\u0165 t\u00e9mu rozhovorov. K&nbsp;tomuto \u010dinu ich viedli aj obavy z&nbsp;toho, aby sa revolu\u010dn\u00e9 my\u0161lienky z&nbsp;Franc\u00fazska neroz\u0161\u00edrili do ich kraj\u00edn. Aj ke\u010f tzv. Pilnick\u00e1 deklar\u00e1cia p\u00f4sobila dojmom v\u00fdzvy intervencie ostatn\u00fdch panovn\u00edkov, Leopold s&nbsp;Fridrichom Vilhelmom ju skoncipovali tak, \u017ee vojensk\u00fd z\u00e1sah nastane len vtedy, ak sa na tom zhodn\u00fa v\u0161etky eur\u00f3pske ve\u013emoci. V&nbsp;stru\u010dnosti tak bola deklar\u00e1cia viac menej prejaven\u00edm solidarity s&nbsp;franc\u00fazskou monarchiou.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Leopoldova vl\u00e1da bola pre mnoh\u00fdch reformn\u00fdch politikov sklaman\u00edm. Vzh\u013eadom na jeho p\u00f4sobenie v&nbsp;Tosk\u00e1nsku na neho toti\u017e nazerali, ako na \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho osvietensk\u00e9ho reform\u00e1tora. V&nbsp;mnoh\u00fdch oh\u013eadoch v\u0161ak bol rovnako progres\u00edvny ako Jozef II. Sna\u017eil sa napr\u00edklad zlep\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkon trestu od\u0148atia slobody, \u010di decentralizova\u0165 \u0161kolstvo, ktor\u00e9 mienil zveri\u0165 kvalifikovan\u00e9mu u\u010dite\u013esk\u00e9mu zboru. Na rozdiel od svojho brata ale na dosiahnutie svojich politick\u00fdch cie\u013eov zvolil umiernenej\u0161ie met\u00f3dy, ktor\u00e9 v&nbsp;jednotliv\u00fdch spolo\u010densk\u00fdch zlo\u017ek\u00e1ch monarchie nevyvol\u00e1vali kontroverzie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Leopoldova vl\u00e1da mala kr\u00e1tke trvanie. Prechladol a&nbsp;pravdepodobne vinou zle poskytovanej lie\u010dby napokon 1. marca 1792 zomrel. \u010coskoro po jeho smrti sa za\u010dali \u0161\u00edri\u0165 kon\u0161pira\u010dn\u00e9 te\u00f3rie o&nbsp;jeho pred\u010dasnom skone. Objavovali sa spr\u00e1vy o&nbsp;tom, \u017ee bol otr\u00e1ven\u00fd a&nbsp;pripisovalo sa to franc\u00fazskym jakob\u00ednom, jezuitom \u010di dokonca slobodomur\u00e1rom. Pred\u010dasn\u00e1 smr\u0165 Leopolda II. je v&nbsp;stredoeur\u00f3pskej historiografii vn\u00edman\u00e1 ako koniec osvietensk\u00e9ho absolutizmu v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci habsburskej monarchie. Na tr\u00f3n nast\u00fapil jeho najstar\u0161\u00ed syn Franti\u0161ek (Franti\u0161ek I.), ktor\u00fd bol z\u00e1stancom konzervat\u00edvnej politiky (konzervat\u00edvny absolutizmus).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945 Posledn\u00fd osvietensk\u00fd cis\u00e1r D\u0148a 6. febru\u00e1ra 1790 nap\u00edsal Jozef II. Leopoldovi posledn\u00fd list. Informoval v&nbsp;\u0148om svojho brata o&nbsp;svojom neust\u00e1le sa zhor\u0161uj\u00facom zdravotnom stave a&nbsp;z\u00e1mere mu odovzda\u0165 vl\u00e1du. K&nbsp;listu dokonca prilo\u017eil aj lek\u00e1rmi podp\u00edsan\u00fd doklad o&nbsp;pos\u00faden\u00ed jeho choroby. Napriek bratov\u00fdm prosb\u00e1m sa Leopold u\u017e v\u010das do Viedne nedostavil a&nbsp;o [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2209","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2209","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2209"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2209\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7273,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2209\/revisions\/7273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2209"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}