{"id":2296,"date":"2023-03-01T19:45:53","date_gmt":"2023-03-01T18:45:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=2296"},"modified":"2023-05-05T13:19:44","modified_gmt":"2023-05-05T11:19:44","slug":"kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-5-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-5-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska-5-1"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Moderniz\u00e1cia monarchie a slovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 hnutie<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201eDlh\u00e9\u201c 19. storo\u010die predstavovalo pre Slov\u00e1kov obdobie, v ktorom sa za\u010dali aktivizova\u0165 v boji za n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 a ob\u010dianske pr\u00e1va. Tento proces za\u010dal postupne u\u017e v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom obdob\u00ed za vl\u00e1dy Jozefa II. nadv\u00e4zuj\u00faceho na reformy jeho matky, M\u00e1rie Ter\u00e9zie, ktor\u00fd sa po jej vzore sna\u017eil modernizova\u0165 monarchiu. Po\u010das jeho vl\u00e1dy nahradila v \u00faradoch ma\u010far\u010dinu nem\u010dina a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa dostalo pozornosti aj pestovaniu n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch jazykov. V\u010faka jeho reform\u00e1m a vn\u00fatornej politike do\u0161lo k obmedzeniu privil\u00e9gi\u00ed a pozdvihnutiu n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho povedomia mnohopo\u010detn\u00fdch n\u00e1rodnost\u00ed \u017eij\u00facich v monarchii. N\u00e1rod za\u010dal by\u0165 sp\u00e1jan\u00fd so \u0161t\u00e1tnos\u0165ou.<\/p>

V\u00a0strednej Eur\u00f3pe bol zapo\u010dat\u00fd proces formovania modern\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov, pri\u010dom dominantn\u00e9 boli dva pr\u00fady reprezentuj\u00face predstavy o\u00a0n\u00e1rode a\u00a0\u0161t\u00e1te. Prv\u00e1 hovorila o\u00a0princ\u00edpe n\u00e1rodnej rovnosti a\u00a0druh\u00e1 presadzovala ma\u010farsk\u00fd nacionalizmus, ktor\u00fd sa skon\u0161truoval a\u017e do takej podoby, \u017ee uhorsk\u00e9 vlastenectvo za\u010dalo by\u0165 stoto\u017e\u0148ovan\u00e9 s\u00a0ma\u010farstvom. Pr\u00e1ve druh\u00e1 predstava z\u00edskala u\u00a0vl\u00e1dy v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu podporu, \u010do napokon viedlo k\u00a0ma\u010fariz\u00e1cii.<\/p>

Slov\u00e1ci mali v\u00a0boji za svoje n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1va oproti ostatn\u00fdm n\u00e1rodom v\u00a0monarchii t\u00fa nev\u00fdhodu, \u017ee nemali dominantn\u00e9 kult\u00farne a\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 centrum ani spisovn\u00fd jazyk. Pr\u00e1ve ot\u00e1zka jazyka rozde\u013eovala slovensk\u00fa inteligenciu na dva t\u00e1bory. Prv\u00fd tvorili katol\u00edci, ktor\u00ed zast\u00e1vali n\u00e1zor, \u017ee Slov\u00e1ci s\u00fa samostatn\u00fd n\u00e1rod, ktor\u00fd si zasl\u00fa\u017ei vlastn\u00fd jazyk. Ten kodifikoval Anton Bernol\u00e1k v\u00a0roku 1787 na z\u00e1klade kult\u00farnej z\u00e1padosloven\u010diny. T\u00e1 predstavovala pomerne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd jazyk vzdelancov, a\u00a0preto sa v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0161irok\u00fdch \u013eudov\u00fdch m\u00e1s neujala. Druh\u00fd t\u00e1bor reprezentovali evanjelici, ktor\u00ed vn\u00edmali Slov\u00e1kov ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 \u010desko-slovensk\u00e9ho kme\u0148a (v\u00a0zmysle n\u00e1roda). T\u00ed zase presadzovali pou\u017e\u00edvanie biblickej \u010de\u0161tiny ako spisovn\u00e9ho jazyka. V\u00a0boji proti ma\u010fariz\u00e1cii a\u00a0za n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1va Slov\u00e1kov sa tieto t\u00e1bory pod vplyvom okolnost\u00ed postupne zjednotili. Pokia\u013e ide o\u00a0spisovn\u00fd jazyk, ten v\u00a0roku 1843 kodifikoval \u013dudov\u00edt \u0160t\u00far spolu s\u00a0Jozefom Miloslavom Hurbanom a\u00a0Michalom Miloslavom Hod\u017eom. Ich slovensk\u00fd jazyk bol akceptovan\u00fd obomi konfesijn\u00fdmi skupinami a\u00a0napokon aj \u013eudom.<\/p>

Ot\u00e1zka n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v si v\u0161ak vy\u017eadovala e\u0161te o nie\u010do v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie \u00fasilie, systematick\u00fa pr\u00e1cu a hlavne s\u00fahlas panovn\u00edka. Predstavitelia slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho hnutia v priebehu 19. storo\u010dia zorganizovali nieko\u013eko peti\u010dn\u00fdch akci\u00ed a sformulovali nieko\u013eko strategick\u00fdch dokumentov region\u00e1lneho i celoslovensk\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu, ktor\u00fdmi chceli pouk\u00e1za\u0165 na svoje postavenie v \u0161t\u00e1te, a prostredn\u00edctvom ktor\u00fdch sa chceli br\u00e1ni\u0165 proti ma\u010fariz\u00e1cii tak, \u017ee v kontexte celospolo\u010densk\u00e9ho diania v nich sp\u00edsali po\u017eiadavky za Slov\u00e1kov, aby sa ich \u017eivotn\u00e9 podmienky a postavenie v \u0161t\u00e1te zlep\u0161ili.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945 Moderniz\u00e1cia monarchie a slovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 hnutie \u201eDlh\u00e9\u201c 19. storo\u010die predstavovalo pre Slov\u00e1kov obdobie, v ktorom sa za\u010dali aktivizova\u0165 v boji za n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 a ob\u010dianske pr\u00e1va. Tento proces za\u010dal postupne u\u017e v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom obdob\u00ed za vl\u00e1dy Jozefa II. nadv\u00e4zuj\u00faceho na reformy jeho matky, M\u00e1rie Ter\u00e9zie, ktor\u00fd sa po jej […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2296","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2296"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7210,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2296\/revisions\/7210"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}