{"id":2306,"date":"2023-03-01T19:48:50","date_gmt":"2023-03-01T18:48:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=2306"},"modified":"2023-03-01T20:22:39","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T19:22:39","slug":"kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-5-1-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-5-1-5\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska-5-1-5"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2306\" class=\"elementor elementor-2306\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1084eb0 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"1084eb0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0443812\" data-id=\"0443812\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a5b956 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a5b956\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2858d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2858d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e63bd34\" data-id=\"e63bd34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b79421 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b79421\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb0ded5\" data-id=\"bb0ded5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-759b076 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"759b076\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Memorandum n\u00e1roda slovensk\u00e9ho (6. \u2013 7. j\u00fan 1861) <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9d5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aa9d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Za\u010diatok 50. rokov 19. storo\u010dia sa niesol v\u00a0znamen\u00ed presadzovania \u201estar\u00fdch\u201c a\u00a0\u201eoveren\u00fdch\u201c hodn\u00f4t, \u010do viedlo k\u00a0obnoveniu centralizmu a\u00a0napokon i k\u00a0obnoveniu absolutizmu pod taktovkou Alexandra Bacha. <em>Bachov absolutizmus<\/em> (1850 \u2013 1859; naz\u00fdvan\u00fd tie\u017e <em>neoabsolutizmus<\/em>) nezanevrel na v\u0161etky v\u00fddobytky revol\u00facie. Tie najhlavnej\u0161ie boli dokonca \u010falej rozv\u00edjan\u00e9, \u010do vytvorilo predpoklady pre moderniz\u00e1ciu priemyslu, dopravy a\u00a0\u0161kolstva. Slovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 hnutie sa v\u0161ak ani napriek enormn\u00e9mu \u00fasiliu z\u00a0ve\u013ek\u00fdch \u00faspechov te\u0161i\u0165 nemohlo. Pozit\u00edvom tohto desa\u0165ro\u010dia bola skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee tlak ma\u010fariz\u00e1cie sa \u010diasto\u010dne zn\u00ed\u017eil.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Bachov absolutizmus<\/em> v\u00a0sebe sp\u00e1jal hodnoty tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho absolutizmu s\u00a0ochotou modernizova\u0165. Tento re\u017eim s\u00edce potvrdil zru\u0161enie poddanstva, rovnos\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed pred z\u00e1konom \u010di moderniz\u00e1ciu v\u00a0oblasti s\u00fadnictva, \u0161kolstva, dopravy, priemyslu a\u00a0dan\u00ed, no ruka v\u00a0ruke s\u00a0t\u00fdm i\u0161lo zru\u0161enie \u00fastavnej formy vl\u00e1dy, pri\u010dom vl\u00e1dol panovn\u00edk prostredn\u00edctvom nariaden\u00ed. Samospr\u00e1va de facto neexistovala, obnoven\u00e1 bola cenz\u00fara a\u00a0policajn\u00fd dozor, ktor\u00fd pozorne dohliadal na dodr\u017eiavanie z\u00e1kazu zdru\u017eova\u0165 sa. Syst\u00e9m s\u00edce poskytoval ak\u00fa-tak\u00fa ochranu pred ma\u010fariz\u00e1ciou, no potl\u00e1\u010dal aktivitu n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch hnut\u00ed. Re\u017eim si teda nena\u0161iel podporovate\u013eov ani v\u00a0jednom zo s\u00faperiacich t\u00e1borov. Ukon\u010den\u00fd bol vydan\u00edm <em>Okt\u00f3brov\u00e9ho diplomu <\/em>20. okt\u00f3bra 1860, ktor\u00fdm de facto zav\u00e1dzal kon\u0161titu\u010dn\u00fa monarchiu.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Za\u010diatkom roku 1861 vydal Franti\u0161ek Jozef I. <em>Febru\u00e1rov\u00fd patent, <\/em>ktor\u00fd tento stav potvrdil. Predstavitelia slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho hnutia sa preto rozhodli, \u017ee najvhodnej\u0161ie bude, ak slovensk\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky zabezpe\u010duj\u00face n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1va schv\u00e1li celon\u00e1rodn\u00fd org\u00e1n. <em>Memorandum n\u00e1roda slovensk\u00e9ho<\/em>, ktor\u00e9 vych\u00e1dzalo z\u00a0n\u00e1vrhu \u0160tefana Marka Daxnera, prijalo v\u00a0d\u0148och 6. \u2013 7. j\u00fana 1861 v\u00a0Tur\u010dianskom Sv\u00e4tom Martine nieko\u013ekotis\u00edcov\u00e9 slovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 zhroma\u017edenie. Dokument predstavoval z\u00e1kladn\u00fd n\u00e1rodnopolitick\u00fd program, o\u00a0ktor\u00fd sa opierala slovensk\u00e1 politika a\u017e do prvej svetovej vojny. <em>Memorandum<\/em> bolo odovzdan\u00e9 predsedovi snemu Kolomanovi Tiszovi 26. j\u00fana 1861, \u010do bolo, nane\u0161\u0165astie, \u0161tyri dni po tom, \u010do panovn\u00edk rozpustil uhorsk\u00fd snem. <em>Memorandom<\/em> sa teda u\u017e nemal kto zaobera\u0165.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Memorandum<\/em> obsahovo nadv\u00e4zovalo na \u0161t\u00e1topr\u00e1vne po\u017eiadavky z\u00a0rokov 1848\/1849, pri\u010dom re\u0161pektovalo <em>Okt\u00f3brov\u00fd diplom<\/em> i\u00a0<em>Febru\u00e1rov\u00fa \u00fastavu<\/em>. Uzn\u00e1valo celistvos\u0165 Uhorska i\u00a0postavenie ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho jazyka v\u00a0diplomatickom styku, odmietalo v\u0161ak ma\u010farsk\u00fa nadradenos\u0165. \u017diadalo zru\u0161enie z\u00e1konov diskriminuj\u00facich nema\u010farsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody a\u00a0uznanie svojbytnosti slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda a\u00a0to tak, aby mu bolo vy\u010dlenen\u00e9 vlastn\u00e9 \u00fazemie \u2013 <em>Hornouhorsk\u00e9 slovensk\u00e9 Okolie<\/em>, kde malo by\u0165 samozrejmos\u0165ou pou\u017e\u00edvanie slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka. Okrem toho <em>Memorandum<\/em> po\u017eadovalo zriadenie slovenskej pr\u00e1vnickej akad\u00e9mie a\u00a0Katedry slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka a\u00a0literat\u00fary na univerzite v\u00a0Pe\u0161ti a\u00a0tie\u017e \u0161t\u00e1tnu podporu pre slovensk\u00e9 spolky a\u00a0\u00famern\u00e9 zast\u00fapenie v\u00a0uhorskom sneme.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Memorandum<\/em> bolo vl\u00e1dou prijat\u00e9 vo v\u0161eobecnosti negat\u00edvne. Slov\u00e1ci boli op\u00e4\u0165 obvinen\u00ed z\u00a0panslavizmu a\u00a0z\u00a0rozb\u00edjania jednoty Uhorska. Hoci bol dokument pomerne rozsiahly, po\u017eiadavky Slov\u00e1kov prezentoval len r\u00e1mcovo. Tie boli n\u00e1sledne podrobnej\u0161ie rozpracovan\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010fal\u0161om prosbopise Slov\u00e1kov panovn\u00edkovi, ktor\u00fd je zn\u00e1my pod n\u00e1zvom <em>Viedensk\u00e9 memorandum.<\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Memorandum<\/em> <em>n\u00e1roda slovensk\u00e9ho<\/em> predstavuje ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd pokus o\u00a0slovensko-ma\u010farsk\u00e9 vyrovnanie. Ods\u00faden\u00e9 na ne\u00faspech bolo z\u00a0viacer\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov. Jedn\u00fdm z nich bola napr\u00edklad skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee panovn\u00edk rozpustil snem sk\u00f4r, ne\u017e sa v\u00f4bec za\u010dala rie\u0161i\u0165 n\u00e1rodnostn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm bolo stanovisko ma\u010farskej strany, ktor\u00e9 pripravil n\u00e1rodnostn\u00fd v\u00fdbor snemu. Pod\u013ea neho po\u017eiadavky nema\u010farsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov jednoducho nemohli by\u0165 uspokojen\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945 Memorandum n\u00e1roda slovensk\u00e9ho (6. \u2013 7. j\u00fan 1861) Za\u010diatok 50. rokov 19. storo\u010dia sa niesol v\u00a0znamen\u00ed presadzovania \u201estar\u00fdch\u201c a\u00a0\u201eoveren\u00fdch\u201c hodn\u00f4t, \u010do viedlo k\u00a0obnoveniu centralizmu a\u00a0napokon i k\u00a0obnoveniu absolutizmu pod taktovkou Alexandra Bacha. Bachov absolutizmus (1850 \u2013 1859; naz\u00fdvan\u00fd tie\u017e neoabsolutizmus) nezanevrel na v\u0161etky v\u00fddobytky revol\u00facie. Tie najhlavnej\u0161ie boli [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2306","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2306"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2306\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2347,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2306\/revisions\/2347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}