{"id":2378,"date":"2023-03-02T07:31:35","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T06:31:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=2378"},"modified":"2023-05-05T13:57:17","modified_gmt":"2023-05-05T11:57:17","slug":"kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-6-2-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-6-2-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska-6-2-4"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2378\" class=\"elementor elementor-2378\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1084eb0 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"1084eb0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0443812\" data-id=\"0443812\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a5b956 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a5b956\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2858d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2858d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e63bd34\" data-id=\"e63bd34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b79421 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b79421\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb0ded5\" data-id=\"bb0ded5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-759b076 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"759b076\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vz\u00e1jomnos\u0165 (1837 \u2013 1840) <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9d5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aa9d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ma\u010fariza\u010dn\u00e9 tendencie uhorskej vl\u00e1dy boli v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou zakon\u010den\u00e9 ofici\u00e1lnym&nbsp;z\u00e1kazom spolkov\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt a&nbsp;zru\u0161en\u00edm slovensk\u00fdch spolkov. Tento osud postihol aj vy\u0161\u0161ie spom\u00ednan\u00fa <em>Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 \u010deskoslovansk\u00fa<\/em>, hoci tento krok s\u00favisel so z\u00e1kazom \u010dinnosti v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0161tudentsk\u00fdch spolkov. Jej teraz u\u017e b\u00fdval\u00ed \u010dlenovia sa za\u010dali up\u00edna\u0165 na zalo\u017eenie novej n\u00e1rodno-kult\u00farnej in\u0161tit\u00facie, ktor\u00e1 by <em>Spolo\u010dnos\u0165<\/em> nahradila. Po vzore Srbov a \u010cechov po\u010d\u00edtali so zalo\u017een\u00edm <em>Matice slovenskej<\/em>. T\u00e1 v\u0161ak bola v&nbsp;tomto momente nedosiahnute\u013en\u00e1. V&nbsp;snahe zabezpe\u010di\u0165 kontinuitu n\u00e1rodnobudite\u013eskej pr\u00e1ce museli postupova\u0165 takpovediac ne\u0161tandardne. Jej radik\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00ed \u010dlenovia na \u010dele s&nbsp;Alexandrom Boleslav\u00ednom Vrchovsk\u00fdm sa v&nbsp;j\u00fani 1837 rozhodli zalo\u017ei\u0165 tajn\u00fd \u0161tudentsk\u00fd spolok <em>Vz\u00e1jomnos\u0165<\/em>, pri \u010dom sa in\u0161pirovali najm\u00e4 po\u013esk\u00fdmi radik\u00e1lnymi spolkami. S&nbsp;nimi, i&nbsp;s&nbsp;\u010fal\u0161\u00edmi slovansk\u00fdmi spolkami, ktor\u00e9 vyzn\u00e1vali hodnoty slovanskej vz\u00e1jomnosti, n\u00e1rodnej slobody a&nbsp;ob\u010dianskej rovnosti, udr\u017eiaval spolok \u00fazky kontakt. Ich zjednocuj\u00facimi prvkami bola v\u00edzia feder\u00e1cie slobodn\u00fdch slovansk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov a&nbsp;negat\u00edvny postoj k poddanstvu a&nbsp;feudalizmu. <em>Vz\u00e1jomnos\u0165<\/em> teda predstavovala nov\u00fd prostriedok rozv\u00edjaj\u00facej sa n\u00e1rodnej aktivity mladej slovenskej inteligencie vo vyostruj\u00facom sa n\u00e1rodnostnom z\u00e1pase Slov\u00e1kov.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cie\u013eom spolku bolo za ka\u017ed\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed podporova\u0165 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho ducha a&nbsp;roz\u0161irova\u0165 vzdelanos\u0165 medzi slovensk\u00fdm \u013eudom. Prostriedkom na realiz\u00e1ciu tohto cie\u013ea malo by\u0165 zakladanie, respekt\u00edve udr\u017eiavanie n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch vzdel\u00e1vac\u00edch a&nbsp;v\u00fdchovn\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed pre ml\u00e1de\u017e a&nbsp;\u013eud (najm\u00e4 hospod\u00e1rske a&nbsp;kult\u00farne spolky), roz\u0161irovanie kn\u00edh a&nbsp;\u010dasopisov a&nbsp;vlastn\u00e1 vydavate\u013esk\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165, na \u010do bolo, samozrejme, nevyhnutn\u00e9 zabezpe\u010dova\u0165 nemal\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky. Zdie\u013eanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o&nbsp;\u010dinnosti v&nbsp;regi\u00f3noch zabezpe\u010dovala pomerne \u010dul\u00e1 kore\u0161pondencia medzi jednotliv\u00fdmi \u010dlenmi prostredn\u00edctvom tzv. <em>vz\u00e1jomnostn\u00fdch listov<\/em>, ktor\u00e9 zvykli \u010dasopisecky vyd\u00e1va\u0165.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00fdber \u010dlenov do spolku bol ve\u013emi pr\u00edsny, \u010do malo zabezpe\u010di\u0165, \u017ee v\u0161etci \u010dlenovia bud\u00fa schopn\u00ed a&nbsp;spo\u013eahliv\u00ed pri nap\u013a\u0148an\u00ed jeho cie\u013eov. V&nbsp;d\u00f4sledku tak\u00e9hoto v\u00fdberov\u00e9ho procesu mala <em>Vz\u00e1jomnos\u0165<\/em> pravdepodobne len 15 \u010dlenov. Za \u010dlenov boli v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou vybran\u00ed u\u017e predt\u00fdm v&nbsp;n\u00e1rodnom hnut\u00ed akt\u00edvni \u0161tudenti a&nbsp;b\u00fdval\u00ed \u010dlenovia zaniknutej <em>Spolo\u010dnosti<\/em>. Skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee \u013dudov\u00edt \u0160t\u00far sa \u010dlenom nestal, sved\u010d\u00ed o&nbsp;ur\u010ditej diferenci\u00e1cii medzi slovenskou ml\u00e1de\u017eou. Mo\u017eno kon\u0161tatova\u0165, \u017ee k\u00fdm Vrchovsk\u00fd a&nbsp;\u010dlenovia <em>Vz\u00e1jomnosti<\/em> reprezentovali priebojnej\u0161iu a&nbsp;radik\u00e1lnej\u0161iu skupinu n\u00e1rodnostn\u00e9ho hnutia, \u0160t\u00far reprezentoval, aj ke\u010f mimo <em>Vz\u00e1jomnosti<\/em>, umiernenej\u0161iu skupinu. Aj napriek tomu v\u0161ak patril sn\u00e1\u010f k&nbsp;najakt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edm realiz\u00e1torom jej programu. \u010clenom <em>Vz\u00e1jomnosti<\/em> sa toti\u017e nestal nie kv\u00f4li n\u00e1zorov\u00fdm \u010di ideologick\u00fdm rozdielom, ale kv\u00f4li povahov\u00fdm \u010drt\u00e1m (pova\u017eovali ho za pr\u00edli\u0161 panova\u010dn\u00e9ho).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Za\u010diatok roku 1840 bol pre <em>Vz\u00e1jomnos\u0165<\/em> pomerne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd a&nbsp;s\u00fahrou nepriazniv\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed narastala u&nbsp;jej \u010dlenov frustr\u00e1cia. Situ\u00e1ciu komplikovali aj narastaj\u00face obavy z&nbsp;odhalenia spolku, preto\u017ee pol\u00edcia u\u017e vy\u0161etrovala osoby spriaznen\u00e9 s&nbsp;tajn\u00fdmi po\u013esk\u00fdmi spolkami, ktor\u00e9 boli priamo alebo nepriamo napojen\u00e9 na jeho \u010dlenov. Ke\u010f za\u010dali by\u0165 podozriv\u00ed a&nbsp;vy\u0161etrovan\u00ed aj samotn\u00ed \u010dlenovia <em>Vz\u00e1jomnosti<\/em>, aktivita spolku razom upadla. Koncom roku 1840 spolok definit\u00edvne ukon\u010dil svoju \u010dinnos\u0165.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945 Vz\u00e1jomnos\u0165 (1837 \u2013 1840) Ma\u010fariza\u010dn\u00e9 tendencie uhorskej vl\u00e1dy boli v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou zakon\u010den\u00e9 ofici\u00e1lnym&nbsp;z\u00e1kazom spolkov\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt a&nbsp;zru\u0161en\u00edm slovensk\u00fdch spolkov. Tento osud postihol aj vy\u0161\u0161ie spom\u00ednan\u00fa Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 \u010deskoslovansk\u00fa, hoci tento krok s\u00favisel so z\u00e1kazom \u010dinnosti v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0161tudentsk\u00fdch spolkov. Jej teraz u\u017e b\u00fdval\u00ed \u010dlenovia sa za\u010dali up\u00edna\u0165 na zalo\u017eenie novej n\u00e1rodno-kult\u00farnej in\u0161tit\u00facie, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2378","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2378","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2378"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2378\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7258,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2378\/revisions\/7258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}