{"id":2380,"date":"2023-03-02T07:31:57","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T06:31:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=2380"},"modified":"2023-03-02T09:31:29","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T08:31:29","slug":"kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-6-2-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-6-2-5\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska-6-2-5"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2380\" class=\"elementor elementor-2380\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1084eb0 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"1084eb0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0443812\" data-id=\"0443812\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a5b956 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a5b956\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2858d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2858d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e63bd34\" data-id=\"e63bd34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b79421 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b79421\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb0ded5\" data-id=\"bb0ded5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-759b076 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"759b076\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spolky striezlivosti (1840 \u2013 1874)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9d5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aa9d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u00e1rodn\u00ed buditelia sa zasadzovali nielen o\u00a0pozdvihnutie vzdelanostnej \u00farovne a\u00a0n\u00e1rodnej hrdosti Slov\u00e1kov, ale akt\u00edvne bojovali aj proti alkoholizmu, ktor\u00fd bol pomerne roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdm javom u\u00a0chudobn\u00e9ho obyvate\u013estva. Hoci otvoren\u00fd a\u00a0organizovan\u00fd boj za\u010dal a\u017e v\u00a040. rokoch 19. storo\u010dia (\u010do s\u00faviselo so \u0161\u00edren\u00edm protialkoholick\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt v\u00a0z\u00e1mor\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00a0z\u00e1padoeur\u00f3pskych krajin\u00e1ch), jednotlivci, najm\u00e4 k\u0148azi, sa vo\u010di alkoholizmu vyhranili u\u017e o\u00a0viac ako sto rokov sk\u00f4r.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Po\u010diatky <em>spolkov striezlivosti<\/em> (naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 boli aj <em>spolkami triezvosti<\/em> \u010di <em>miernosti<\/em>) na Slovensku sp\u00e1jame najm\u00e4 so skupinou katol\u00edckych k\u0148azov \u2013\u00a0bernol\u00e1kovcov, ale nezanedbate\u013en\u00e9 boli tie\u017e aktivity evanjelick\u00fdch k\u0148azov \u010di intelektu\u00e1lov.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prv\u00fd spolok striezlivosti, ktor\u00e9ho cie\u013eom bolo zrieknutie sa \u201ep\u00e1len\u00e9ho\u201c, zalo\u017eil k\u0148az spi\u0161skej diec\u00e9zy Peter \u00c1rvay v\u00a0roku 1840. V\u00a0tejto oblasti bol v\u0161ak o\u00a0nie\u010do etablovanej\u0161\u00ed katol\u00edcky k\u0148az \u0160tefan Z\u00e1vodn\u00edk, ktor\u00e9ho \u010dinnos\u0165 prekro\u010dila hranice jeho farnosti, v\u010faka \u010domu sa stal zn\u00e1mym ako hlavn\u00fd organiz\u00e1tor spolkovej \u010dinnosti na Slovensku. V\u00a0boji proti alkoholizmu videl cestu, ako u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 \u017eivot najm\u00e4 najchudobnej\u0161\u00edm a\u00a0najpo\u010detnej\u0161\u00edm vrstv\u00e1m slovensk\u00e9ho \u013eudu. Nezriedka sa toti\u017e st\u00e1valo, \u017ee mu\u017ei boli schopn\u00ed doslova prepi\u0165 v\u0161etok svoj majetok. Pozornos\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed v\u0161ak bolo potrebn\u00e9 zamestna\u0165 in\u00fdmi aktivitami, preto sa v\u00a0spolkoch striezlivosti zvykli propagova\u0165 nede\u013en\u00e9 \u0161koly, obecn\u00e9 kni\u017enice \u010di \u010fal\u0161ie spolky, do ktor\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt sa mohli \u013eudia zapoji\u0165. \u010cinnos\u0165 spolkov striezlivosti bola propagovan\u00e1 nielen po\u010das k\u00e1zn\u00ed, ale tie\u017e v\u00a0tla\u010di, \u010do vyvolalo z\u00e1ujem \u0161irok\u00fdch \u013eudov\u00fdch m\u00e1s. Nezriedka sa st\u00e1valo, \u017ee do spolkov vst\u00fapili takmer v\u0161etci \u010dlenovia farnosti.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Odhaduje sa, \u017ee v\u00a0polovici 40. rokov p\u00f4sobilo na \u00fazem\u00ed Slovenska pribli\u017ene 500 spolkov striezlivosti. Ich prv\u00fd \u00fapadok prich\u00e1dza s\u00a0revolu\u010dn\u00fdmi rokmi 1848\/1849, kedy boli kv\u00f4li svojim postojom za ochranu n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v prenasledovan\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed buditelia i zakladatelia spolkov striezlivosti. K\u00a0ich o\u017eiveniu prich\u00e1dza potom v\u00a0prv\u00fdch rokoch 50. rokov, kedy u\u017e m\u00e1 \u00eds\u0165 ich \u010dinnos\u0165 ruka v\u00a0ruke s\u00a0kult\u00farnou a\u00a0vzdel\u00e1vacou pr\u00e1cou, zakladan\u00edm \u0161k\u00f4l a\u00a0kni\u017en\u00edc.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00a060. rokoch 19. storo\u010dia sa boj proti alkoholizmu pres\u00fava sk\u00f4r do publicistickej a\u00a0liter\u00e1rnej roviny a\u00a070. roky pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa spolkov\u00e9 protialkoholick\u00e9 aktivity na katol\u00edcku p\u00f4du, ke\u010f sa spolky striezlivosti sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa s\u00a0Ru\u017eencov\u00fdmi bratstvami.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vo v\u00fdvoji spolkov striezlivosti od 40. do 70. rokov mo\u017eno pozorova\u0165 obdobia rozkvetu \u2013 najm\u00e4 v\u00a0prv\u00fdch rokoch jednotliv\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed, a\u00a0\u00fapadku \u010di stagn\u00e1cie \u2013 najm\u00e4 v druhej polovici desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee aj napriek zlo\u017eitej politickej situ\u00e1cii spolky nikdy definit\u00edvne nezanikli, hoci utlmenie ich \u010dinnost\u00ed bolo zrejm\u00e9. Za\u010diatok 70. rokov sa ale niesol v\u00a0znamen\u00ed zostrenej ma\u010fariz\u00e1cie, \u010do sa prejavilo aj na spolkoch striezlivosti, ktor\u00e9 za\u010dali by\u0165 ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 za panslavistick\u00e9 ohnisk\u00e1. Rok 1874 priniesol t\u00fdmto spolkom ofici\u00e1lny z\u00e1kaz \u010dinnosti a\u00a0z\u00e1nik. V\u010faka sp\u00e1janiu s\u00a0Ru\u017eencov\u00fdmi bratstvami v\u0161ak ich odkaz pretrval, hoci existoval viac v\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eenskej sf\u00e9re. Posolstvo boja proti alkoholizmu bolo pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 aj v\u00a0k\u00e1z\u0148ach \u010di v\u00a0periodickej tla\u010di.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945 Spolky striezlivosti (1840 \u2013 1874) N\u00e1rodn\u00ed buditelia sa zasadzovali nielen o\u00a0pozdvihnutie vzdelanostnej \u00farovne a\u00a0n\u00e1rodnej hrdosti Slov\u00e1kov, ale akt\u00edvne bojovali aj proti alkoholizmu, ktor\u00fd bol pomerne roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdm javom u\u00a0chudobn\u00e9ho obyvate\u013estva. Hoci otvoren\u00fd a\u00a0organizovan\u00fd boj za\u010dal a\u017e v\u00a040. rokoch 19. storo\u010dia (\u010do s\u00faviselo so \u0161\u00edren\u00edm protialkoholick\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt v\u00a0z\u00e1mor\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00a0z\u00e1padoeur\u00f3pskych krajin\u00e1ch), [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2380","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2380","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2380"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2380\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2439,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2380\/revisions\/2439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2380"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}