{"id":2386,"date":"2023-03-02T07:33:20","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T06:33:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=2386"},"modified":"2023-03-02T09:34:59","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T08:34:59","slug":"kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-6-2-8","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-6-2-8\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska-6-2-8"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2386\" class=\"elementor elementor-2386\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1084eb0 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"1084eb0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0443812\" data-id=\"0443812\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a5b956 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a5b956\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2858d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2858d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e63bd34\" data-id=\"e63bd34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b79421 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b79421\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb0ded5\" data-id=\"bb0ded5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-759b076 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"759b076\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u017divena (1869 \u2013 1955; 1990 \u2013 s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9d5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aa9d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00fdzva na zalo\u017eenie spolku, ktor\u00fd by vzdel\u00e1val slovensk\u00e9 \u017eeny, sa objavila v\u00a0j\u00fani 1869 v\u00a0Pe\u0161\u0165bud\u00ednskych vedomostiach, pri\u010dom in\u0161pir\u00e1ciou pre tento podnet bol pra\u017esk\u00fd <em>\u017densk\u00fd v\u00fdrobn\u00ed spolek<\/em>. My\u0161lienky na zalo\u017eenie \u017eensk\u00e9ho spolku sa chopili mu\u017ei (okrem in\u00fdch Viliam Pauliny-T\u00f3th), ktor\u00ed u\u017e so spolkov\u00fdmi aktivitami mali sk\u00fasenosti. Pr\u00edpravn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti \u0161li preto pomerne r\u00fdchlo, aj ke\u010f nie \u00faplne bez probl\u00e9mov, ke\u010f\u017ee sa \u010dasto oz\u00fdvali hlasy odporcov. Ustanovuj\u00face valn\u00e9 zhroma\u017edenie <em>\u017diveny<\/em> sa konalo 4. augusta 1869 v\u00a0Martine a prvou predsedn\u00ed\u010dkou sa stala Anna Pivkov\u00e1. Hne\u010f po\u010das \u00favodn\u00e9ho zhroma\u017edenia sa do spolku prihl\u00e1silo 73 \u017eien. Hoci prv\u00fd slovensk\u00fd \u017eensk\u00fd spolok vznikol v\u00a0porovnan\u00ed s\u00a0in\u00fdmi spolkami pomerne neskoro, neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee dovtedy sa slovensk\u00e9 \u017eeny v\u00a0n\u00e1rodnom, spolo\u010denskom alebo kult\u00farnom \u017eivote neanga\u017eovali. Teraz v\u0161ak na to mali riadne vy\u010dlenen\u00fd priestor.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u017divena<\/em> si kl\u00e1dla za cie\u013e, aby sa slovensk\u00fdm dc\u00e9ram zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch spolo\u010densk\u00fdch vrstiev dostalo tak\u00e9ho vzdelania, ktor\u00e9 by z\u00a0nich urobili <em>\u201e\u017eeny mravn\u00e9, pracovit\u00e9, schopn\u00e9 gazdinky, ale najm\u00e4 obhajkyne slovenskej vlasti a\u00a0n\u00e1roda\u201c<\/em>. Uveden\u00e9 ciele mali by\u0165 dosiahnut\u00e9 prostredn\u00edctvom vyd\u00e1vania pou\u010dn\u00fdch a\u00a0z\u00e1bavn\u00fdch kn\u00edh a\u00a0spisov v\u00a0slovenskom jazyku, ale tie\u017e zakladan\u00edm vzdel\u00e1vac\u00edch \u00fastavov, opatrovn\u00ed \u010di in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed sl\u00fa\u017eiacim k\u00a0zamestnaniu chudobn\u00fdch \u017eien. Financie na tieto aktivity z\u00edskavala <em>\u017divena<\/em> z\u00a0\u010dlensk\u00fdch pr\u00edspevkov, vydavate\u013eskej \u010dinnosti \u010di organizovania besied, z\u00e1bav, sl\u00e1vnost\u00ed a\u00a0tie\u017e z darov.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ani po dvoch rokoch intenz\u00edvnej pr\u00e1ce sa <em>\u017divene<\/em> nepodarilo z\u00edska\u0165 dostatok prostriedkov na jeden z\u00a0jej najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch projektov \u2013 diev\u010densk\u00fa \u0161kolu. Situ\u00e1ciu pomohol \u010diasto\u010dne vyrie\u0161i\u0165 Samuel Ormis, ktor\u00fd spolu s\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edmi zalo\u017eil diev\u010densk\u00fd \u00fastav v\u00a0meste Rev\u00faca. Aby sa finan\u010dn\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia spolku zlep\u0161ila, usporad\u00favali sa v\u00a0prospech <em>\u017diveny<\/em> ochotn\u00edcke divadeln\u00e9 predstavenia a\u00a0tie\u017e bol vydan\u00fd samostatn\u00fd almanach, ktor\u00fd mal p\u00f4vodne obsahova\u0165 iba pr\u00e1ce \u017eien, av\u0161ak vzh\u013eadom na n\u00edzku \u00farove\u0148 ich vzdelania musel by\u0165 doplnen\u00fd aj pr\u00e1cami mu\u017esk\u00fdch autorov. Z\u00a0t\u00fdchto aktiv\u00edt sa podarilo spolku z\u00edska\u0165 finan\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky, a\u00a0tak \u010dlenky <em>\u017diveny<\/em> za\u010dali op\u00e4\u0165 prem\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165 nad zalo\u017een\u00edm prvej slovenskej vy\u0161\u0161ej diev\u010denskej \u0161koly. Situ\u00e1ciu skomplikovali udalosti v\u00a0Uhorsku, ktor\u00e9 vy\u00fastili do ukon\u010denia \u010dinnosti mnoh\u00fdch spolkov, <em>Matice slovenskej<\/em> i\u00a0patron\u00e1tnych gymn\u00e1zi\u00ed. \u017densk\u00fd spolok v\u0161ak pravdepodobne v\u00a0o\u010diach predstavite\u013eov uhorskej vl\u00e1dy nepredstavoval hrozbu, a\u00a0tak sa <em>\u017divene<\/em> podarilo toto obdobie pre\u010dka\u0165. P\u00f4vodne sa predpokladalo, \u017ee na seba spolok prevezme v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu \u010das\u0165 \u010dinnosti <em>Matice Slovenskej<\/em> \u010di in\u00fdch organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed, no to sa podarilo len \u010diasto\u010dne. V\u00a0zlo\u017eitej spolo\u010densko-politickej situ\u00e1cii zostala jeho \u010dinnos\u0165 zna\u010dne ochromen\u00e1, preto\u017ee \u010dlenovia pod \u0165archou okolnost\u00ed neplatili poplatky \u2013 <em>\u017divena<\/em> \u017eivorila.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prv\u00e1 polovica 80. rokov sa niesla v\u00a0znamen\u00ed \u00fapadku \u010dinnosti <em>\u017diveny<\/em> \u2013 akcie, ktor\u00e9 organizovala, boli \u010dasto pova\u017eovan\u00e9 a\u00a0preverovan\u00e9 ako panslavistick\u00e9 stretnutia. \u010clenky <em>\u017diveny<\/em> preto museli h\u013eada\u0165 in\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby realiz\u00e1cie. Zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a sa uplat\u0148ovali v\u00a0mest\u00e1ch, kde boli stredn\u00e9 alebo in\u00e9 \u0161koly. Situ\u00e1cii neprospievala ani skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee v\u00a0Nitre vznikol protislovensk\u00fd kult\u00farny spolok FEMKE <em>(Hornouhorsk\u00fd vzdel\u00e1vac\u00ed spolok)<\/em>, ktor\u00fd mal podporu uhorsk\u00fdch \u00faradov. \u010clenk\u00e1m <em>\u017diveny<\/em> sa v\u0161ak podarilo v\u00a0auguste 1887 zorganizova\u0165 v\u00fdstavu slovensk\u00fdch krojov a\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161iviek, ktor\u00e1 vyvolala u\u00a0slovenskej, ale i\u00a0moravskej verejnosti pozit\u00edvne ohlasy. V\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed jej, v\u010faka siln\u00e9mu vplyvu akcie na posil\u0148ovanie slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho povedomia, najm\u00e4 slovensk\u00ed n\u00e1rodovci pripisoval mimoriadny politick\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00a0roku 1894 sa stala predsedn\u00ed\u010dkou <em>\u017diveny<\/em> Elena Marothy \u0160olt\u00e9sov\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 op\u00e4\u0165 o\u017eivila my\u0161lienku zalo\u017eenia dom\u00e1co-hospod\u00e1rskej diev\u010denskej \u0161koly. Aj jej \u017eiados\u0165 v\u0161ak bola zamietnut\u00e1. V\u00a0roku 1901 zamerali \u010dlenky spolku svoju pozornos\u0165 na aktivity s\u00favisiace so slovensk\u00fdmi v\u00fd\u0161ivkami a\u00a0napokon sa im podarilo zriadi\u0165 st\u00e1ly obchod s\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161ivkami, ktor\u00e9 z\u00edskavali obdiv nielen v\u00a0Uhorsku, ale napr\u00edklad aj v\u00a0Par\u00ed\u017ei. Obchod s\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161ivkami zabezpe\u010dil <em>\u017divene<\/em> nemal\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm mohla svoju \u010dinnos\u0165 rozvin\u00fa\u0165 aj do oblasti soci\u00e1lnej starostlivosti, literat\u00fary \u010di spolo\u010densk\u00e9ho \u017eivota a\u00a0emancip\u00e1cie \u017eien.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00a0roku 1910 \u0160olt\u00e9sov\u00e1 op\u00e4\u0165 \u017eiadala o\u00a0mo\u017enos\u0165 zalo\u017ei\u0165 slovensk\u00fa diev\u010densk\u00fa \u0161kolu, tentokr\u00e1t sa v\u0161ak odpovede nedo\u010dkala. Pomoc pri\u0161la od\u00a0gazdinskej \u0161koly v\u00a0Krom\u011b\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, kde bol v\u00a0roku 1911 zriaden\u00fd slovensk\u00fd gazdinsk\u00fd kurz. <em>\u017divene<\/em> sa teda prv\u00fa slovensk\u00fa diev\u010densk\u00fa \u0161kolu zalo\u017ei\u0165 do vojny nepodarilo, no nadan\u00fdm diev\u010dat\u00e1m pom\u00e1hala aspo\u0148 t\u00fdm, \u017ee ich v\u00a0\u0161t\u00fadiu pe\u0148a\u017ene podporovala \u010di poskytovala bezplatn\u00e9 p\u00f4\u017ei\u010dky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945 \u017divena (1869 \u2013 1955; 1990 \u2013 s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165) V\u00fdzva na zalo\u017eenie spolku, ktor\u00fd by vzdel\u00e1val slovensk\u00e9 \u017eeny, sa objavila v\u00a0j\u00fani 1869 v\u00a0Pe\u0161\u0165bud\u00ednskych vedomostiach, pri\u010dom in\u0161pir\u00e1ciou pre tento podnet bol pra\u017esk\u00fd \u017densk\u00fd v\u00fdrobn\u00ed spolek. My\u0161lienky na zalo\u017eenie \u017eensk\u00e9ho spolku sa chopili mu\u017ei (okrem in\u00fdch Viliam Pauliny-T\u00f3th), ktor\u00ed u\u017e so spolkov\u00fdmi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2386","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2386","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2386"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2386\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2448,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2386\/revisions\/2448"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}