{"id":2390,"date":"2023-03-02T07:34:14","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T06:34:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=2390"},"modified":"2023-03-02T09:21:30","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T08:21:30","slug":"kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-6-2-10","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-6-2-10\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska-6-2-10"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2390\" class=\"elementor elementor-2390\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1084eb0 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"1084eb0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0443812\" data-id=\"0443812\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a5b956 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a5b956\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2858d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2858d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e63bd34\" data-id=\"e63bd34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b79421 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b79421\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb0ded5\" data-id=\"bb0ded5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-759b076 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"759b076\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Patron\u00e1tne gymn\u00e1zi\u00e1<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9d5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aa9d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prv\u00e1 polovica 19. storo\u010dia sa niesla, \u010do sa vyu\u010dovania na gymn\u00e1zi\u00e1ch t\u00fdkalo, v\u00a0znamen\u00ed latinsk\u00e9ho, a\u00a0o\u00a0nie\u010do menej nemeck\u00e9ho a\u00a0ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho jazyka. V\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch bola situ\u00e1cia zdanlivo o\u00a0nie\u010do priaznivej\u0161ia \u2013 existovali toti\u017e z\u00e1kony, ktor\u00e9 \u017eiakom\u00a0garantovali mo\u017enos\u0165 vzdel\u00e1va\u0165 sa v\u00a0materinskom jazyku \u2013 pokia\u013e sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina obyvate\u013eov v\u00a0danom kraji na tomto jazyku dohodla. V roku 1851 boli vydan\u00e9 nariadenia o\u00a0vyu\u010dovan\u00ed v\u00a0materinskom jazyku aj na stredn\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Realita ale bola odli\u0161n\u00e1. Na \u00fazem\u00ed Slovenska bol toti\u017e nedostatok slovensk\u00fdch u\u010dite\u013eov, preto vyu\u010dovanie \u010dasto realizovali u\u010ditelia z\u00a0\u010ciech, a\u00a0ako inak \u2013 v\u00a0\u010deskom jazyku. Po zru\u0161en\u00ed nariadenia o\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed nem\u010diny ako vyu\u010dovacieho jazyka v\u00a0j\u00fali 1859 videli slovensk\u00ed vzdelanci cestu ako vyu\u010dova\u0165 v\u00a0sloven\u010dine v\u00a0posloven\u010den\u00ed katol\u00edckych gymn\u00e1zi\u00ed, na ktor\u00fdch sa vyu\u010dovalo pr\u00e1ve v\u00a0\u010de\u0161tine. Napokon v\u0161ak do\u0161lo k zalo\u017eeniu troch \u00faplne nov\u00fdch samostatn\u00fdch patron\u00e1tnych gymn\u00e1zi\u00ed (naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 tie\u017e <em>mati\u010dn\u00e9 gymn\u00e1zi\u00e1<\/em>), ktor\u00e9 mali sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 ako in\u0161tit\u00facie zabra\u0148uj\u00face odn\u00e1rod\u0148ovaniu. Tieto gymn\u00e1zi\u00e1 toti\u017e predstavovali vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed stupe\u0148 vzdelania, ktor\u00e9 mali slovensk\u00ed \u017eiaci mo\u017enos\u0165 z\u00edska\u0165 v\u00a0slovenskom jazyku v\u00f4bec po prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Uva\u017eovalo sa o\u00a0viacer\u00fdch miestach, kde by mohli prv\u00e9 slovensk\u00e9 gymn\u00e1zi\u00e1 vznikn\u00fa\u0165. Nakoniec rozhodnutie padlo na tri stredoslovensk\u00e9 mest\u00e1 \u2013 Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Rev\u00faca (1862 \u2013 1874), Tur\u010diansky Sv\u00e4t\u00fd Martin (1867 \u2013 1875) a\u00a0Kl\u00e1\u0161tor pod Znievom (1869 \u2013 1874).<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Patron\u00e1tne gymn\u00e1zi\u00e1 museli nielen v\u00a0prv\u00fdch rokoch svojej existencie \u010deli\u0165 r\u00f4znym probl\u00e9mom \u2013 nedostatku financi\u00ed, nevyhovuj\u00facim priestorom, materi\u00e1lnemu nedostatku r\u00f4zneho druhu, ale tie\u017e absencii u\u010debn\u00edc v\u00a0slovenskom jazyku. Tieto probl\u00e9my bolo potrebn\u00e9 rie\u0161i\u0165 takpovediac za pochodu. Napr\u00edklad ch\u00fdbaj\u00face u\u010debnice profesori spo\u010diatku nahr\u00e1dzali \u010desk\u00fdmi, ma\u010farsk\u00fdmi, nemeck\u00fdmi \u010di rusk\u00fdmi u\u010debnicami. Nesk\u00f4r u\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvali vlastn\u00e9 rukopisy, ktor\u00e9 pripravovali do tla\u010de. Postupne vznikali pri gymn\u00e1zi\u00e1ch, v\u010faka finan\u010dn\u00fdm darom \u010di \u0161tedr\u00fdm donorom, kni\u017enice, ktor\u00e9 v\u00a0priebehu rokov nazbierali pomerne rozsiahle kni\u017en\u00e9 fondy.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom mati\u010dn\u00fdch gymn\u00e1zi\u00ed bolo zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 odn\u00e1rod\u0148ovaniu slovenskej ml\u00e1de\u017ee a\u00a0vychova\u0165 n\u00e1rodne uvedomel\u00fa inteligenciu. To sa prejavilo i v aktivit\u00e1ch jednotliv\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l, ktor\u00e9 sa nezameriavali iba na vzdel\u00e1vaciu \u010dinnos\u0165, realizovali tie\u017e mimo\u0161kolsk\u00e9 aktivity, zakladali r\u00f4zne spolky (pe\u0148a\u017en\u00e9, konzumn\u00e9, potravinov\u00e9, pestovate\u013esk\u00e9, divadeln\u00e9 a\u00a0i.), usporad\u00favali debaty, besedy a\u00a0z\u00e1bavy. M\u00f4\u017eeme teda kon\u0161tatova\u0165, \u017ee slovensk\u00e9 gymn\u00e1zi\u00e1 \u010faleko prekro\u010dili v\u00fdchovno-vzdel\u00e1vac\u00ed r\u00e1mec, ale zasiahli aj do n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho, kult\u00farneho a\u00a0politick\u00e9ho \u017eivota Slov\u00e1kov. To bol v\u00a0o\u010diach predstavite\u013eov uhorskej vl\u00e1dy, samozrejme, ne\u017eiad\u00faci stav, preto sa za\u010diatkom 70. rokov za\u010dali akt\u00edvne anga\u017eova\u0165 za zru\u0161enie gymn\u00e1zi\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 obvi\u0148ovali z\u00a0panslavizmu. Tento boj predstavitelia slovensk\u00fdch gymn\u00e1zi\u00ed a\u00a0ich \u0161tudenti nemohli vyhra\u0165, a\u00a0tak postupne do\u0161lo k\u00a0zatvoreniu v\u0161etk\u00fdch troch gymn\u00e1zi\u00ed, s\u00a0\u010d\u00edm i\u0161li ruka v\u00a0ruke zabrzdenie slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodno-politick\u00e9ho hnutia a tie\u017e \u00fapadok slovenskej n\u00e1rodnej osvety. Treba doda\u0165, \u017ee po t\u00fdchto udalostiach a\u017e do roku 1918 neexistovala v\u00a0Uhorsku jedin\u00e1 slovensk\u00e1 stredn\u00e1 \u0161kola.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Na patron\u00e1tnych gymn\u00e1zi\u00e1ch za ich pomerne kr\u00e1tke trvanie vyu\u010dovalo asi 30 profesorov (napr\u00edklad August Horislav \u0160kult\u00e9ty, Samuel Ormis, Ivan Branislav Zoch, Martin \u010culen), ktor\u00ed vychovali 1900 \u0161tudentov. Z\u00a0nich vyr\u00e1stla pomerne siln\u00e1 gener\u00e1cia politikov, podnikate\u013eov \u010di kult\u00farnych tvorcov, ktor\u00ed zasiahli do v\u00fdvoja Slovenska v\u00a0nasleduj\u00facich rokoch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945 Patron\u00e1tne gymn\u00e1zi\u00e1 Prv\u00e1 polovica 19. storo\u010dia sa niesla, \u010do sa vyu\u010dovania na gymn\u00e1zi\u00e1ch t\u00fdkalo, v\u00a0znamen\u00ed latinsk\u00e9ho, a\u00a0o\u00a0nie\u010do menej nemeck\u00e9ho a\u00a0ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho jazyka. V\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch bola situ\u00e1cia zdanlivo o\u00a0nie\u010do priaznivej\u0161ia \u2013 existovali toti\u017e z\u00e1kony, ktor\u00e9 \u017eiakom\u00a0garantovali mo\u017enos\u0165 vzdel\u00e1va\u0165 sa v\u00a0materinskom jazyku \u2013 pokia\u013e sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina obyvate\u013eov v\u00a0danom kraji na tomto [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2390","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2390","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2390"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2390\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2427,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2390\/revisions\/2427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}