{"id":2471,"date":"2023-03-02T09:50:31","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T08:50:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=2471"},"modified":"2023-05-05T14:18:48","modified_gmt":"2023-05-05T12:18:48","slug":"kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-7-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-7-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska-7-3"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Slov\u00e1ci v Amerike a ich \u010dinnos\u0165<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Z\u00e1morie, najm\u00e4 Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 a\u00a0Kanada, predstavovalo v\u00a0o\u010diach niektor\u00fdch slovensk\u00fdch vys\u0165ahovalcov rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mov, s\u00a0ktor\u00fdmi sa pot\u00fdkali v\u00a0rodnej zemi. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je v\u0161ak poveda\u0165, \u017ee do cudziny neodch\u00e1dzali iba t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed potrebovali rie\u0161i\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00fa \u017eivotn\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu svoju \u010di svojej rodiny. Motiv\u00e1ciou opusti\u0165 domovsk\u00fa krajinu bola tie\u017e, aj ke\u010f v\u00a0o nie\u010do\u00a0men\u0161ej miere, zvedavos\u0165 \u010di t\u00fa\u017eba po dobrodru\u017estve. O\u00a0ceste do z\u00e1moria a\u00a0o\u00a0\u017eivote tam toti\u017e \u010dasto a\u017e prehnane pozit\u00edvne informovali profesion\u00e1lni n\u00e1borov\u00ed agenti, ktor\u00ed pracovali v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou pre nemeck\u00e9 prepravn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti. Faktom v\u0161ak je, \u017ee u\u017e len k\u00fapa cestovn\u00e9ho l\u00edstka znamenala pre cel\u00fa rodinu enormn\u00fa finan\u010dn\u00fa z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e, nehovoriac o\u00a0tom, \u017ee pri\u0161la o\u00a0pracuj\u00faceho \u010dlena rodiny. Pritom pozit\u00edvny v\u00fdsledok vycestovania v\u00a0podobe dobr\u00e9ho z\u00e1robku bol neist\u00fd. Vycestova\u0165 si teda mohli dovoli\u0165 iba t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed na to mali (finan\u010dne i\u00a0fyzicky \u2013 cesta bola toti\u017e zd\u013ahav\u00e1 a\u00a0podmienky na lodi boli v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou nevyhovuj\u00face). V\u00a0tomto bode neraz vstupovali do rozhodovania vycestova\u0165 Tatra banka<\/em> \u010di in\u00e9 pe\u0148a\u017en\u00e9 \u00fastavy, ktor\u00e9 si zaviazali vys\u0165ahovalcov e\u0161te pred opusten\u00edm domoviny, a\u00a0to najm\u00e4 formou r\u00f4znych p\u00f4\u017ei\u010diek \u010di poskytnut\u00edm preddavkov na cestovn\u00e9, ktor\u00fdch z\u00e1bezpekou bola naj\u010dastej\u0161ie nehnute\u013enos\u0165. Z\u00a0\u00fazemia Slovenska odch\u00e1dzali v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou drobn\u00ed ro\u013en\u00edci, robotn\u00edci a\u00a0ban\u00edci v\u00a0produkt\u00edvnom veku (20 \u2013 40 rokov). Odhaduje sa, \u017ee pomerne ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 z\u00a0nich bola vzh\u013eadom na mo\u017enos\u0165 vzdel\u00e1va\u0165 sa v\u00a0materinskom jazyku v\u00a0\u010dase odchodu negramotn\u00e1, respekt\u00edve ich vzdelanostn\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 bola pomerne n\u00edzka.<\/p>\n

Po vyloden\u00ed na ostrove Elis (Elis Island) musel prejs\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd pasa\u017eier, respekt\u00edve vys\u0165ahovalec zdravotnou kontrolou a\u00a0prij\u00edmacou kancel\u00e1riou. Ak vyhovel, otvorili sa mu dvere do nov\u00e9ho sveta. Cie\u013eov\u00fa stanicu vys\u0165ahovalcov predstavovali v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou miesta, kde sa u\u017e predt\u00fdm zdr\u017eiavali ich krajania. Pre Slov\u00e1kov to bolo naj\u010dastej\u0161ie \u0161es\u0165 americk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov, z\u00a0ktor\u00fdch mali v\u00fdsadn\u00e9 postavenie Pensylv\u00e1nia, kde boli s\u00fastreden\u00e9 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie uho\u013en\u00e9 bane, \u017eeleziarne a\u00a0\u010fal\u0161ie ve\u013ek\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 z\u00e1vody (napr\u00edklad oceliarne v\u00a0okol\u00ed mesta Pittsburgh), Illinois (mesto Chicago), kde pracovali v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou na bit\u00fankoch, \u010di Ohio (mesto Cleveland), ktor\u00e9 sa stalo centrom slovensk\u00e9ho kult\u00farneho, spolkov\u00e9ho a\u00a0politick\u00e9ho \u017eivota (bli\u017e\u0161ie kapitola Slovensk\u00e9 spolky v Amerike<\/a>). No prvou a\u00a0najstar\u0161ou slovenskou osadou v\u00a0Amerike bol Streator.<\/p>\n

Slov\u00e1ci zdr\u017eiavaj\u00faci sa v\u00a0Pensylv\u00e1nii vykon\u00e1vali ve\u013emi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fa pr\u00e1cu, ktor\u00e1 v\u0161ak bola relat\u00edvne najlep\u0161ie platen\u00e1. S\u00faviselo to s\u00a0ich snahou zarobi\u0165 dostatok financi\u00ed, aby si mohli vo svojej rodnej krajine k\u00fapi\u0165 kvalitn\u00fa p\u00f4du, ktor\u00e1 by mala potenci\u00e1l u\u017eivi\u0165 ich. Za\u010diatkom 20. storo\u010dia sa v\u00a0\u017eup\u00e1ch s\u00a0najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtom vys\u0165ahovalcov uk\u00e1zal trend, ktor\u00fd potvrdil ich odchod za z\u00e1robkom a\u00a0n\u00e1vrat do rodnej vlasti po 3 \u2013 4 rokoch pr\u00e1ce v\u00a0z\u00e1mor\u00ed. Identifikovan\u00fd v\u0161ak bol aj in\u00fd trend \u2013 navr\u00e1ten\u00ed vys\u0165ahovalci, ktor\u00ed v z\u00e1mor\u00ed zarobili dostatok pe\u0148az\u00ed, sa po \u010dase vracaj\u00fa sp\u00e4\u0165 do Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov americk\u00fdch, pri\u010dom tam odch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa aj s\u00a0rodinou.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do ale (nielen) slovensk\u00ed vys\u0165ahovalci odch\u00e1dzali pr\u00e1ve do Ameriky? S\u00faviselo to najm\u00e4 s\u00a0t\u00fdm, \u017ee v\u00a019. storo\u010d\u00ed zaznamen\u00e1va americk\u00e1 priemyseln\u00e1 v\u00fdroba enormn\u00fd rozmach, v\u010faka \u010domu je schopn\u00e1 pohlti\u0165 obrovsk\u00fa pracovn\u00fa silu. Na druhej strane tu m\u00e1me ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo ro\u013en\u00edkov, robotn\u00edkov \u010di ban\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa vo svojej domovskej krajine probl\u00e9m zamestna\u0165 sa, respekt\u00edve zabezpe\u010di\u0165 sebe a svojej rodine d\u00f4stojn\u00e9 \u017eivobytie. Zd\u00e1 sa teda, \u017ee Amerika dok\u00e1zala poskytn\u00fa\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom, ktor\u00ed sa neb\u00e1li pracova\u0165, presne to, \u010do potrebovali, a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 uspokojila svoj dopyt po lacnej pracovnej sile.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945 Slov\u00e1ci v Amerike a ich \u010dinnos\u0165 Z\u00e1morie, najm\u00e4 Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 a\u00a0Kanada, predstavovalo v\u00a0o\u010diach niektor\u00fdch slovensk\u00fdch vys\u0165ahovalcov rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mov, s\u00a0ktor\u00fdmi sa pot\u00fdkali v\u00a0rodnej zemi. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je v\u0161ak poveda\u0165, \u017ee do cudziny neodch\u00e1dzali iba t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed potrebovali rie\u0161i\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00fa \u017eivotn\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu svoju \u010di svojej rodiny. Motiv\u00e1ciou opusti\u0165 domovsk\u00fa krajinu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2471","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2471","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2471"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2471\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7289,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2471\/revisions\/7289"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2471"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}