{"id":2485,"date":"2023-03-02T09:56:09","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T08:56:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=2485"},"modified":"2023-03-02T10:09:23","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T09:09:23","slug":"kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-7-2-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-7-2-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska-7-2-1"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2485\" class=\"elementor elementor-2485\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1084eb0 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"1084eb0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0443812\" data-id=\"0443812\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a5b956 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a5b956\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2858d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2858d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e63bd34\" data-id=\"e63bd34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b79421 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b79421\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb0ded5\" data-id=\"bb0ded5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-759b076 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"759b076\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Situ\u00e1cia v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve na Slovensku v \u201edlhom\u201c 19. storo\u010d\u00ed<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9d5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aa9d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u00f4sledkom terezi\u00e1nskej urbari\u00e1lnej reformy bol st\u00e1le cite\u013enej\u0161\u00ed nedostatok p\u00f4dy, pri\u010dom \u0161\u013eachtick\u00e9 ve\u013ekostatky <em>(dominik\u00e1l)<\/em> nieko\u013ekon\u00e1sobne prevy\u0161ovali pozemky v dr\u017ebe ro\u013en\u00edctva <em>(rustik\u00e1l). <\/em>Situ\u00e1ciu neu\u013eah\u010dovala ani \u010dasto nespr\u00e1vna klasifik\u00e1cia akosti p\u00f4dy, na z\u00e1klade ktorej museli ro\u013en\u00edci odv\u00e1dza\u0165 neprimeran\u00e9 feud\u00e1lne d\u00e1vky a dane. \u0160\u013eachta postupne zaberala \u010doraz viac poddanskej p\u00f4dy, v\u00a0d\u00f4sledku \u010doho tvorili takmer polovicu vidieckeho obyvate\u013estva bezzemkovia, hofieri a\u00a0\u017eeliari. Nepriazniv\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia spojen\u00e1 s\u00a0ne\u00farodou v\u00a0roku 1830 a\u00a0prevent\u00edvnymi opatreniami proti cholerovej epid\u00e9mii vy\u00fastila v\u00a0lete 1831 do V\u00fdchodoslovensk\u00e9ho ro\u013en\u00edckeho povstania. Povstanie vypuklo n\u00e1hle, \u010do sa odrazilo na jeho slabej organiz\u00e1cii. Z\u00e1sah vl\u00e1dneho vojska bol pomerne r\u00fdchly a\u00a0efekt\u00edvny. Povstanie sa podarilo v\u00a0kr\u00e1tkom \u010dase zlikvidova\u0165. Udalosti v\u0161ak pouk\u00e1zali na neodkladnos\u0165 rie\u0161enia ro\u013en\u00edckej ot\u00e1zky.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Probl\u00e9m s\u00a0nerovnomernou dr\u017ebou p\u00f4dy patril k\u00a0hlavn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom slovensk\u00e9ho ro\u013en\u00edctva a pretrv\u00e1val e\u0161te v\u00a0druhej polovici 19. storo\u010dia, kedy jej preva\u017en\u00fa \u010das\u0165 vlastnil mal\u00fd po\u010det ve\u013ekostatk\u00e1rov. Z\u00a0celkov\u00e9ho mno\u017estva obyvate\u013estva pracuj\u00faceho v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve bolo samostatn\u00fdch ro\u013en\u00edkov a\u00a0statk\u00e1rov len o nie\u010do m\u00e1lo viac ako jedna tretina. Takmer dve tretiny teda tvorili po\u013enohospod\u00e1rski sluhovia, n\u00e1denn\u00edci a\u00a0robotn\u00edci. Ruka v\u00a0ruke s\u00a0t\u00fdmto stavom, ale tie\u017e s\u00a0n\u00edzkou \u00farov\u0148ou vzdelanosti \u013eudov\u00fdch vrstiev, ktor\u00fa sa nie pr\u00e1ve systematicky sna\u017eili rie\u0161i\u0165 niektor\u00ed vzdelanci (najsk\u00f4r Jozef Ign\u00e1c Bajza \u010di Juraj F\u00e1ndly, nesk\u00f4r \u0161t\u00farovci a\u00a0i.) prostredn\u00edctvom literat\u00fary, r\u00e1stla zadl\u017eenos\u0165 ro\u013en\u00edckeho obyvate\u013estva eskaluj\u00faca najm\u00e4 na Zempl\u00edne a\u00a0\u0160ari\u0161i. Nezanedbate\u013en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom bola tie\u017e roztrie\u0161tenos\u0165 pozemkov, ktor\u00fa mala vyrie\u0161i\u0165 komas\u00e1cia p\u00f4dy. V\u00a0kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku v\u0161ak mala pre ro\u013en\u00edkov negat\u00edvny efekt, preto\u017ee \u010dasto dost\u00e1vali p\u00f4du hor\u0161ej kvality, a\u00a0teda menej v\u00fdnosn\u00fa. Situ\u00e1ciu slovensk\u00fdch ro\u013en\u00edkov nepriaznivo ovplyv\u0148ovali aj opakuj\u00face sa ne\u00farody, najm\u00e4 v\u00a0posledn\u00fdch dvoch desa\u0165ro\u010diach 19. storo\u010dia, ktor\u00e9 boli nasledovan\u00e9 obdobiami hladu a\u00a0chorobami.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945 Situ\u00e1cia v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve na Slovensku v \u201edlhom\u201c 19. storo\u010d\u00ed D\u00f4sledkom terezi\u00e1nskej urbari\u00e1lnej reformy bol st\u00e1le cite\u013enej\u0161\u00ed nedostatok p\u00f4dy, pri\u010dom \u0161\u013eachtick\u00e9 ve\u013ekostatky (dominik\u00e1l) nieko\u013ekon\u00e1sobne prevy\u0161ovali pozemky v dr\u017ebe ro\u013en\u00edctva (rustik\u00e1l). Situ\u00e1ciu neu\u013eah\u010dovala ani \u010dasto nespr\u00e1vna klasifik\u00e1cia akosti p\u00f4dy, na z\u00e1klade ktorej museli ro\u013en\u00edci odv\u00e1dza\u0165 neprimeran\u00e9 feud\u00e1lne d\u00e1vky a dane. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2485","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2485","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2485"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2485\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2506,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2485\/revisions\/2506"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}