{"id":2487,"date":"2023-03-02T09:56:35","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T08:56:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=2487"},"modified":"2023-03-02T10:10:26","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T09:10:26","slug":"kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-7-2-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-7-2-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska-7-2-2"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Situ\u00e1cia v priemysle na Slovensku v \u201edlhom\u201c 19. storo\u010d\u00ed<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Orient\u00e1cia na po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsku v\u00fdrobu a\u00a0slabo rozvinut\u00e1 remeseln\u00e1 v\u00fdroba boli typick\u00fdmi znakmi ju\u017en\u00fdch a\u00a0niektor\u00fdch stredn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed Uhorska v 18. a\u00a019. storo\u010d\u00ed. Pr\u00e1ve z\u00a0tohto d\u00f4vodu boli, pokia\u013e i\u0161lo o\u00a0priemyseln\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, odk\u00e1zan\u00e9 na produkciu zo Slovenska, kde bola s\u00fastreden\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch odvetv\u00ed uhorsk\u00e9ho priemyslu \u2013 papiernictvo, skl\u00e1rstvo, pl\u00e1tenn\u00edctvo, s\u00fakenn\u00edctvo, spracovanie dreva, \u017eeleza, farebn\u00fdch a\u00a0drah\u00fdch kovov \u2013 z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa tu koncentrovalo pribli\u017ene 40 % remeselnej v\u00fdroby Uhorska. V\u00a0prvej polovici 19. storo\u010dia mali preva\u017en\u00fd podiel na celkovej v\u00fdrobe cechy a\u00a0remeslo. Produkty dom\u00e1ckeho remesla, najm\u00e4 pl\u00e1tno, \u010dipky, vrecia a no\u017ee, ale tie\u017e hrn\u010diarske v\u00fdrobky a\u00a0v\u00fdrobky olejk\u00e1rov a\u00a0gombi\u010dk\u00e1rov, boli z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm v\u00fdvozn\u00fdm artiklom do in\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed monarchie i zahrani\u010dia, prostredn\u00edctvom ktor\u00e9ho si Slov\u00e1ci dok\u00e1zali zabezpe\u010dova\u0165 ob\u017eivu.<\/p>

V\u00a0roku 1840 schv\u00e1lil uhorsk\u00fd snem nieko\u013eko z\u00e1konn\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nkov (\u010d. XVII \u2013 XX\/1840) upravuj\u00facich pravidl\u00e1 t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa podnikania a\u00a0obchodovania, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm mohli podnika\u0165 v\u0161etci t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed sa preuk\u00e1zali dostato\u010dn\u00fdm kapit\u00e1lom. V\u00a0d\u00f4sledku tejto z\u00e1konnej \u00fapravy v\u00a0slovenskej spolo\u010dnosti postupne narastala najm\u00e4 drobn\u00e1 a\u00a0o\u00a0nie\u010do menej i\u00a0stredn\u00e1 obchodn\u00edcka vrstva; najmenej bolo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch podnikate\u013eov, ktor\u00fdch reprezentovali hlavne ve\u013ekoobchodn\u00edci s\u00a0pl\u00e1tnom, majitelia bielidiel a\u00a0farbiarn\u00ed pl\u00e1tna, majitelia \u017eeleziarskych h\u00fat, skl\u00e1rn\u00ed, drev\u00e1rskych podnikov a\u00a0tie\u017e mlyn\u00e1ri. Faktom v\u0161ak zost\u00e1va, \u017ee mo\u017enos\u0165 pracova\u0165 v\u00a0priemyseln\u00fdch odvetviach sa t\u00fdkala najm\u00e4 obyvate\u013estva v\u00a0mest\u00e1ch a\u00a0chudobn\u00fd \u013eud z\u00a0vidieka tak\u00fato pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 \u010dasto nemal.<\/p>

Po rak\u00fasko-uhorskom vyrovnan\u00ed doch\u00e1dza k\u00a0pomerne v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu rozvoju potravin\u00e1rskeho priemyslu, a\u00a0to najm\u00e4 liehovarov, cukrovarov a\u00a0pivovarov. Budovali sa tie\u017e skl\u00e1rne, p\u00edly, textiln\u00e9 tov\u00e1rne a\u00a0papierne, ktor\u00e9 v\u0161ak predstavovali podniky s\u00a0mal\u00fdm po\u010dtom robotn\u00edkov. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed bol bansk\u00fd priemysel. Napredovanie priemyslu v\u0161ak zastavila v\u00a0roku 1873 hospod\u00e1rska kr\u00edza, ktor\u00e1 postihla cel\u00e9 uhorsk\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo. To sa v\u00a0najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch rokoch pok\u00fasila pomocou \u0161t\u00e1tnej podpory \u010di da\u0148ov\u00fdch \u00fa\u013eav pomerne \u00faspe\u0161ne na\u0161tartova\u0165 uhorsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da, v\u010faka \u010domu vzniklo v\u00a0posledn\u00fdch dvoch desa\u0165ro\u010diach 19. storo\u010dia asi 40 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch podnikov. Je v\u0161ak nutn\u00e9 poveda\u0165, \u017ee rozvoj tov\u00e1renskej v\u00fdroby mal negat\u00edvny vplyv na remeseln\u00fa v\u00fdrobu a\u00a0drobn\u00fdch podnikate\u013eov.<\/p>

Rozvoj mnoh\u00fdch priemyseln\u00fdch odvetv\u00ed, strojovej v\u00fdroby a\u00a0ve\u013ekov\u00fdroby s\u00favisel s\u00a0rozvojom modern\u00fdch komunik\u00e1ci\u00ed \u2013 \u017eelezn\u00edc a\u00a0rie\u010dnej paroplavby. Po vzore zahrani\u010dia, za ktor\u00fdm nechcela monarchia zaost\u00e1va\u0165, bolo preto rozhodnut\u00e9 o\u00a0vystavan\u00ed prvej konskej dr\u00e1hy (\u017eeleznice). Tra\u0165 mala p\u00f4vodne vies\u0165 z\u00a0Bratislavy do Trnavy, napokon v\u0161ak bola v\u00fdstavba realizovan\u00e1 na dve etapy, pri\u010dom v\u00a0druhej bola pred\u013a\u017een\u00e1 a\u017e do Serede. V\u00fdstavba trate za\u010dala v roku 1836 a trvala 10 rokov. V\u00fdznamnou tra\u0165ou bola tie\u017e ko\u0161icko-bohum\u00ednska \u017eeleznica, ktor\u00e1 so sebou okrem v\u00fdhody r\u00fdchlej prepravy niesla aj ist\u00e9 negat\u00edvne dopady na priemysel, a\u00a0to najm\u00e4 v\u00a0oblastiach, ktor\u00fdmi t\u00e1to dopravn\u00e1 tepna neprech\u00e1dzala.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945 Situ\u00e1cia v priemysle na Slovensku v \u201edlhom\u201c 19. storo\u010d\u00ed Orient\u00e1cia na po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsku v\u00fdrobu a\u00a0slabo rozvinut\u00e1 remeseln\u00e1 v\u00fdroba boli typick\u00fdmi znakmi ju\u017en\u00fdch a\u00a0niektor\u00fdch stredn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed Uhorska v 18. a\u00a019. storo\u010d\u00ed. Pr\u00e1ve z\u00a0tohto d\u00f4vodu boli, pokia\u013e i\u0161lo o\u00a0priemyseln\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, odk\u00e1zan\u00e9 na produkciu zo Slovenska, kde bola s\u00fastreden\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch odvetv\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2487","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2487","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2487"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2487\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2509,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2487\/revisions\/2509"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2487"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}