{"id":2489,"date":"2023-03-02T09:57:10","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T08:57:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=2489"},"modified":"2023-03-02T10:11:26","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T09:11:26","slug":"kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-7-2-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-7-2-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska-7-2-3"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2489\" class=\"elementor elementor-2489\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1084eb0 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"1084eb0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0443812\" data-id=\"0443812\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a5b956 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a5b956\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2858d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2858d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e63bd34\" data-id=\"e63bd34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b79421 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b79421\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb0ded5\" data-id=\"bb0ded5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-759b076 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"759b076\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spolo\u010densko-politick\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia na Slovensku v \u201edlhom\u201c 19. storo\u010d\u00ed<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9d5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aa9d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dlh\u00e9\u201c 19. storo\u010die sa v\u00a0monarchii nieslo v\u00a0znamen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u0161tyroch panovn\u00edkov, pri\u010dom nie ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0nich mal dostato\u010dn\u00fd \u010das \u010di moc ur\u010dova\u0165 jej smerovanie v\u00a0rovnakej miere. Vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 politika ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jedn\u00e9ho z\u00a0nich v\u0161ak do ve\u013ekej miery ovplyvnila \u017eivot obyvate\u013estva pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho po\u010detn\u00fdm n\u00e1rodnostiam \u017eij\u00facich v \u0161t\u00e1te. Zjednodu\u0161ene mo\u017eno poveda\u0165, \u017ee panovn\u00edci sympatizovali najsk\u00f4r s\u00a0Rak\u00fa\u0161anmi, v\u00a0d\u00f4sledku \u010doho sa do \u0161k\u00f4l zav\u00e1dzala ako vyu\u010dovac\u00ed jazyk nem\u010dina, postupne v\u0161ak v\u00a0Uhorsku za\u010dali prevl\u00e1da\u0165 sympatie k Uhrom a ma\u010fariza\u010dn\u00fd trend, ktor\u00fd bol ofici\u00e1lne nastolen\u00fd tzv. prv\u00fdm ma\u010fariza\u010dn\u00fdm z\u00e1konom (z\u00e1konn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok XVI\/1791) u\u017e v\u00a0roku 1791, predznamen\u00e1val \u010fal\u0161\u00ed asymetrick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj v\u00a0monarchii, tentokr\u00e1t v\u0161ak v\u00a0prospech ma\u010far\u010diny. V intenci\u00e1ch ostrej \u010di miernej ma\u010fariz\u00e1cie sa potom niesli nasleduj\u00face desa\u0165ro\u010dia a\u00a0tento trend bol definit\u00edvne ukon\u010den\u00fd a\u017e vznikom n\u00e1stupn\u00edckych \u0161t\u00e1tov.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u010faka nieko\u013ek\u00fdm postupne schv\u00e1len\u00fdm ma\u010fariza\u010dn\u00fdm z\u00e1konom ma\u010far\u010dina a\u00a0uhorsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod postupne z\u00edskavali v\u00a0\u0161t\u00e1te prevahu, aj ke\u010f je nutn\u00e9 podotkn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee nie v\u0161etci t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed podporovali tento trend, presadzovali agres\u00edvne formy ma\u010fariz\u00e1cie monarchie. Pr\u00edkladom je \u0160tefan Szech\u00e9ny (Se\u010d\u00e9ni), ktor\u00fd bol z\u00e1stancom postupnej (pod\u013ea jeho predst\u00e1v asi sto rokov trvaj\u00facej) asimil\u00e1cie, ktorej v\u00fdsledkom mal by\u0165 jednotn\u00fd uhorsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod. Dnes u\u017e v\u0161ak vieme, \u017ee tak\u00e1to cesta v\u00a0monarchii nastolen\u00e1 nebola a\u00a0ma\u010fariz\u00e1cia sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou presadzovala pomerne r\u00e1zne, aj ke\u010f nie v\u017edy zasahovala do \u017eivota v\u0161etk\u00e9ho obyvate\u013estva rovnako.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ma\u010fariz\u00e1cia postupovala takpovediac z\u00a0najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch miest, teda cez \u00farady a\u00a0in\u0161tit\u00facie, v\u00a0ktor\u00fdch sa stal \u00faradn\u00fdm jazykom pr\u00e1ve jazyk ma\u010farsk\u00fd. Z\u00e1konn\u00fdm \u010dl\u00e1nkom XXIV\/1868, tzv. n\u00e1rodnostn\u00fdm z\u00e1konom, sa ma\u010far\u010dina stala \u0161t\u00e1tnym jazykom. Do \u0161k\u00f4l v\u0161ak bola zav\u00e1dzan\u00e1 postupne \u2013 spo\u010diatku ako nepovinn\u00fd a nesk\u00f4r ako povinn\u00fd predmet, a\u00a0nakoniec ako jedin\u00fd jazyk, v\u00a0ktorom sa mali \u017eiaci vzdel\u00e1va\u0165, pri\u010dom materinsk\u00fd jazyk sa vyu\u010doval len minim\u00e1lne. To bolo v\u00a0\u00faplnom rozpore so z\u00e1konn\u00fdm \u010dl\u00e1nkom XLIV\/1868, ktor\u00fd mal jednotliv\u00fdm n\u00e1rodnostiam garantova\u0165 mo\u017enos\u0165 vzdel\u00e1va\u0165 sa v\u00a0materinskom jazyku.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ma\u010fariza\u010dn\u00e9 tendencie sa postupne preniesli do v\u0161etk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed \u017eivota \u013eudu a\u00a0situ\u00e1cia napokon vyvrcholila stavom, ke\u010f sa materinsk\u00fd jazyk nielen\u017ee nepou\u017e\u00edval v\u00a0\u00faradnom styku, ale stal sa vyslovene ne\u017eiad\u00facim, \u010do sa prejavilo napr\u00edklad zru\u0161en\u00edm patron\u00e1tnych gymn\u00e1zi\u00ed \u010di z\u00e1kazom spolkovej a vydavate\u013eskej \u010dinnosti slovenskej inteligencie, ktor\u00e1 chcela t\u00fdmito aktivitami pozdvihn\u00fa\u0165 nielen vzdelanos\u0165, ale aj pocit n\u00e1rodnej pr\u00edslu\u0161nosti slovensk\u00e9ho \u013eudu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945 Spolo\u010densko-politick\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia na Slovensku v \u201edlhom\u201c 19. storo\u010d\u00ed Dlh\u00e9\u201c 19. storo\u010die sa v\u00a0monarchii nieslo v\u00a0znamen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u0161tyroch panovn\u00edkov, pri\u010dom nie ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0nich mal dostato\u010dn\u00fd \u010das \u010di moc ur\u010dova\u0165 jej smerovanie v\u00a0rovnakej miere. Vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 politika ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jedn\u00e9ho z\u00a0nich v\u0161ak do ve\u013ekej miery ovplyvnila \u017eivot obyvate\u013estva pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho po\u010detn\u00fdm n\u00e1rodnostiam \u017eij\u00facich [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2489","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2489"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2489\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2512,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2489\/revisions\/2512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}