{"id":2569,"date":"2023-03-02T10:38:25","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T09:38:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=2569"},"modified":"2023-05-05T14:23:38","modified_gmt":"2023-05-05T12:23:38","slug":"kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-9-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-9-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska-9-1"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2569\" class=\"elementor elementor-2569\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1084eb0 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"1084eb0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0443812\" data-id=\"0443812\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a5b956 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a5b956\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2858d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2858d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e63bd34\" data-id=\"e63bd34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b79421 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b79421\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb0ded5\" data-id=\"bb0ded5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-759b076 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"759b076\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00e1stup nacistov k moci, zahrani\u010dno-politick\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia v z\u00e1padnej a strednej Eur\u00f3pe<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9d5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aa9d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u0148a 30. janu\u00e1ra 1933 sa v Nemecku chopila moci <em>N\u00e1rodnosocialistick\u00e1 nemeck\u00e1 robotn\u00edcka strana<\/em> (NSDAP) na \u010dele s&nbsp;Adolfom Hitlerom, ktor\u00fd bol menovan\u00fd prezidentom Paulom von Hindenburgom za kancel\u00e1ra. T\u00fato udalos\u0165 mo\u017eno sp\u00e4tne pova\u017eova\u0165 za za\u010diatok z\u00e1niku \u010ceskoslovenska. Od tohto momentu sa z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm pilierom nemeckej zahrani\u010dnej politiky stala snaha o&nbsp;demont\u00e1\u017e versaillsk\u00e9ho mierov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Jej s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou bolo aj rozbitie n\u00e1stupnick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov, medzi ktor\u00e9 patrilo napr\u00edklad \u010ceskoslovensko a Po\u013esko. D\u0148a 14. okt\u00f3bra 1933 sa nemeck\u00e1 deleg\u00e1cia prestala definit\u00edvne z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148ova\u0165 na jednaniach prebiehaj\u00facej odzbrojovacej konferencie v&nbsp;\u017deneve. Nacisti nechceli dopusti\u0165, aby bol ohrozen\u00fd proces v\u00fdstavby vlastn\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch s\u00edl. O&nbsp;p\u00e1r dn\u00ed nesk\u00f4r vyst\u00fapilo Nemecko zo <em>Spolo\u010dnosti n\u00e1rodov<\/em>. T\u00e1to in\u0161tit\u00facia, zalo\u017een\u00e1 na princ\u00edpe kolekt\u00edvnej bezpe\u010dnosti, mala by\u0165 garantom svetov\u00e9ho mieru. Ideovo sa d\u00e1 pova\u017eova\u0165 za predchodky\u0148u dne\u0161nej <em>Organiz\u00e1cie Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Za flagrantn\u00e9 poru\u0161enie <em>Versaillskej mierovej zmluvy<\/em> mo\u017eno ozna\u010di\u0165 zavedenie v\u0161eobecnej brannej povinnosti 16. marca 1935, ale najm\u00e4 remilitariz\u00e1ciu Por\u00fdnia zo d\u0148a 7.&nbsp;marca 1936. Vstupom nemeck\u00fdch vojsk do demilitarizovan\u00e9ho Por\u00fdnia navy\u0161e do\u0161lo k&nbsp;poru\u0161eniu <em>R\u00fdnskeho garan\u010dn\u00e9ho paktu<\/em> (s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 doh\u00f4d zo \u0161vaj\u010diarskeho Locarna z&nbsp;okt\u00f3bra 1925) zaru\u010duj\u00faceho status quo na hraniciach Nemecka s&nbsp;Belgickom a&nbsp;Franc\u00fazskom. Tento krok Adolfa Hitlera predstavoval obrovsk\u00fd risk, ke\u010f\u017ee Nemecko e\u0161te nebolo pripraven\u00e9 vojensky \u010deli\u0165 pr\u00edpadnej vojenskej intervencii Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nie a Franc\u00fazska. Av\u0161ak na strane z\u00e1padn\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed ch\u00fdbala v\u00f4\u013ea zasiahnu\u0165 a&nbsp;vyn\u00fati\u0165 si plnenie medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch doh\u00f4d. Takto sa pribli\u017ene od druhej polovice 30. rokov 20. storo\u010dia za\u010d\u00ednala \u010doraz viac presadzova\u0165 politika <em>appeasementu<\/em>. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 jej prejavy, teda tolerancia a&nbsp;\u00fastupky vo\u010di Berl\u00ednu, vidno v&nbsp;britskej politike u\u017e v&nbsp;roku 1933. Simult\u00e1nne prebiehalo aj postupn\u00e9 zbli\u017eovanie sa Nemecka so svoj\u00edm rivalom Talianskom. V&nbsp;roku 1936 sa Benito Mussolini definit\u00edvne pripojil na stranu Adolfa Hitlera, \u010d\u00edm sa R\u00edm vzdal svojich mocensk\u00fdch amb\u00edci\u00ed v&nbsp;strednej Eur\u00f3pe \u2013 najm\u00e4 v Rak\u00fasku. Proces zbli\u017eovania bol form\u00e1lne spe\u010daten\u00fd vznikom <em>Osi Berl\u00edn \u2013 R\u00edm<\/em> d\u0148a 25. okt\u00f3bra 1936. Uveden\u00e9mu dopomohla aj anga\u017eovanos\u0165 oboch dikt\u00e1torov v&nbsp;prebiehaj\u00facej \u0161panielskej ob\u010dianskej vojne (j\u00fal 1936 \u2013 apr\u00edl 1939). Pre Nemecko bol tento konflikt \u201egener\u00e1lkou\u201c pred pl\u00e1novanou vojenskou agresiou v&nbsp;Eur\u00f3pe. Pr\u00e1ve v&nbsp;\u0161panielskej ob\u010dianskej vojne jeho \u201edobrovo\u013en\u00edcke\u201c jednotky z\u00edskali cenn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti, pri\u010dom si v&nbsp;praxi otestovali nov\u00fa v\u00fdzbroj a&nbsp;taktiku.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V&nbsp;nadch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom obdob\u00ed upriamili nacisti svoju pozornos\u0165 na Rak\u00fasko a&nbsp;\u010ceskoslovensko. Prv\u00fd v\u00e1\u017eny pokus o&nbsp;ovl\u00e1dnutie b\u00fdvalej hlavnej korunnej krajiny habsburskej monarchie uskuto\u010dnili nacisti u\u017e v&nbsp;lete roku 1934. Narazili pritom na ve\u013ek\u00fd odpor pr\u00e1ve svojho bud\u00faceho spojenca Talianska. Postupne v\u0161ak zahrani\u010dnopolitick\u00e9 podmienky (slabos\u0165 Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nie a Franc\u00fazska, spojenectvo s&nbsp;R\u00edmom \u010di s\u00fahlas Po\u013eska s&nbsp;pl\u00e1novanou anexiou) a&nbsp;vn\u00fatropolitick\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia vo Viedni (nacistick\u00fd vplyv, pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 referendum o&nbsp;bud\u00facnosti krajiny) dozreli nato\u013eko, \u017ee 12. marca 1938 do\u0161lo k \u201ean\u0161lusu\u201c (nemecky <em>Anschluss<\/em>) \u2013 anexii Rak\u00faska hitlerovsk\u00fdm Nemeckom. V&nbsp;porad\u00ed \u010fal\u0161ou obe\u0165ou nacistickej agresie a&nbsp;kr\u00e1tkozrakej politiky <em>appeasementu<\/em> sa malo sta\u0165 \u010ceskoslovensko.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945 N\u00e1stup nacistov k moci, zahrani\u010dno-politick\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia v z\u00e1padnej a strednej Eur\u00f3pe D\u0148a 30. janu\u00e1ra 1933 sa v Nemecku chopila moci N\u00e1rodnosocialistick\u00e1 nemeck\u00e1 robotn\u00edcka strana (NSDAP) na \u010dele s&nbsp;Adolfom Hitlerom, ktor\u00fd bol menovan\u00fd prezidentom Paulom von Hindenburgom za kancel\u00e1ra. T\u00fato udalos\u0165 mo\u017eno sp\u00e4tne pova\u017eova\u0165 za za\u010diatok z\u00e1niku \u010ceskoslovenska. Od [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2569","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2569"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2569\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7301,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2569\/revisions\/7301"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}