{"id":2649,"date":"2023-03-02T11:15:42","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T10:15:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=2649"},"modified":"2023-05-05T14:35:05","modified_gmt":"2023-05-05T12:35:05","slug":"kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-11-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-11-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska-11-1"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2649\" class=\"elementor elementor-2649\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1084eb0 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"1084eb0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0443812\" data-id=\"0443812\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a5b956 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a5b956\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2858d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2858d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e63bd34\" data-id=\"e63bd34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b79421 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b79421\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb0ded5\" data-id=\"bb0ded5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-759b076 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"759b076\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zahrani\u010dn\u00fd a dom\u00e1ci odboj v rokoch 1939 \u2013 1943<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9d5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aa9d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nacistick\u00e1 agresia a&nbsp;politika <em>appeasementu<\/em> viedli v&nbsp;marci 1939 k&nbsp;rozbitiu republiky. Na druhej strane sa v&nbsp;zahrani\u010d\u00ed postupne formoval odboj spolu s&nbsp;exilovou vl\u00e1dou. O&nbsp;mo\u017enom obnoven\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska pritom rozhodovali najm\u00e4 zahrani\u010dn\u00e9 faktory \u2013 situ\u00e1cia na frontoch a&nbsp;politika mocnost\u00ed. \u010cinnos\u0165 dom\u00e1ceho hnutia odporu v\u0161ak nemo\u017eno pova\u017eova\u0165 za bezv\u00fdznamn\u00fa, ke\u010f\u017ee manifestovala nes\u00fahlas ve\u013ekej \u010dasti obyvate\u013estva s vtedaj\u0161ou situ\u00e1ciou. Udalosti z&nbsp;marca 1939 jednozna\u010dne predstavovali poru\u0161enie <em>Mn\u00edchovskej dohody<\/em>. Hlavn\u00e9 mocnosti \u2013 Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nia, Franc\u00fazsko, Sovietsky zv\u00e4z a&nbsp;Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 \u2013 preto rozbitie republiky a&nbsp;ani Slovensk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t de iure nikdy neuznali. Na ich \u00fazem\u00ed i&nbsp;po marci 1939 p\u00f4sobili diplomatick\u00e9 zbory a&nbsp;predstavitelia fyzicky neexistuj\u00faceho \u010ceskoslovenska. Zjednodu\u0161ene mo\u017eno zahrani\u010dn\u00fd odboj rozdeli\u0165 na z\u00e1padn\u00fd, s&nbsp;najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edmi centrami v&nbsp;Lond\u00fdne a&nbsp;Par\u00ed\u017ei, a&nbsp;v\u00fdchodn\u00fd, s&nbsp;centrom v&nbsp;Moskve. \u010eal\u0161ie centr\u00e1 sa nach\u00e1dzali v&nbsp;Po\u013esku (len do septembra 1939) \u010di v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch americk\u00fdch. Dominantnou osobnos\u0165ou sa postupne stal Edvard Bene\u0161, ktor\u00fd zd\u00f4raz\u0148oval trvanie pr\u00e1vnej kontinuity \u010ceskoslovenska a&nbsp;podnikal rozsiahlu aktivitu na jeho obnovu. Postoj ve\u013emoc\u00ed v\u0161ak spo\u010diatku nebol v&nbsp;tejto ot\u00e1zke jasn\u00fd a&nbsp;ani jednotn\u00fd. Exilov\u00ed politici i jednotky museli vynalo\u017ei\u0165 obrovsk\u00e9 \u00fasilie na dosiahnutie svojho cie\u013ea.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V&nbsp;r\u00e1mci z\u00e1padn\u00e9ho zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho odboja rezonoval v po\u010diatkoch najm\u00e4 spor o&nbsp;ved\u00face postavenie medzi Edvardom Bene\u0161om, \u0160tefanom Osusk\u00fdm a&nbsp;Milanom Hod\u017eom. \u0160tefan Osusk\u00fd, vyslanec \u010ceskoslovenska v&nbsp;Par\u00ed\u017ei, s\u00edce bol za obnovenie spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu, ale so \u0161pecifick\u00fdm postaven\u00edm Slovenska, tak ako ho stanovovala <em>Pittsbursk\u00e1 dohoda<\/em>. Navy\u0161e zast\u00e1val n\u00e1zor, \u017ee Edvard Bene\u0161 nem\u00e1 legitimitu, ke\u010f\u017ee v&nbsp;okt\u00f3bri 1938 abdikoval na svoj post. V&nbsp;pr\u00edpade b\u00fdval\u00e9ho predsedu vl\u00e1dy, agr\u00e1rnika Milan Hod\u017eu, mo\u017eno v&nbsp;pr\u00edstupe k&nbsp;\u0161t\u00e1topr\u00e1vnemu usporiadaniu hovori\u0165 o&nbsp;autonomizme \u010di federalizme. Naproti tomu Edvard Bene\u0161 na \u010dele lond\u00fdnskeho centra preferoval st\u00e1le ideu \u010dechoslovakizmu a&nbsp;pr\u00edsny centralizmus. V&nbsp;auton\u00f3mii videl n\u00e1vrat k&nbsp;pomn\u00edchovsk\u00e9mu obdobiu, pri\u010dom ju pova\u017eoval za destabilizuj\u00faci faktor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Po napadnut\u00ed Po\u013eska a&nbsp;vstupu jeho spojencov do vojny v&nbsp;septembri 1939 sa za\u010dalo na \u00fazem\u00ed franc\u00fazska formova\u0165 \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00e9 vojsko. Vzh\u013eadom na nedostatok d\u00f4very a&nbsp;pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00face rozpory slovensk\u00fdch \u201eautonomistov\u201c (\u0160tefan Osusk\u00fd, Milan Hod\u017ea, J\u00e1n Paul\u00edny-T\u00f3th, Vladim\u00edr Clementis) s&nbsp;\u201eBene\u0161ovcami\u201c (Hubert Ripka, Jarom\u00edr Smutn\u00fd a&nbsp;in\u00ed) odmietol franc\u00fazsky kabinet uzna\u0165 do\u010dasn\u00fa exilov\u00fa vl\u00e1du. Namiesto nej bol v&nbsp;Par\u00ed\u017ei 17. okt\u00f3bra 1939 kompromisne sformovan\u00fd vrcholn\u00fd odbojov\u00fd org\u00e1n \u2013 <em>\u010ceskoslovensk\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00fd v\u00fdbor<\/em> (\u010cSNV). Jeho \u010dlenmi sa stali Edvard Bene\u0161, \u0160tefan Osusk\u00fd, Edvard Outrata, Hubert Ripka, Juraj Sl\u00e1vik, ako aj gener\u00e1li Sergej Ingr a&nbsp;Rufolf Viest. Do jeho \u0161trukt\u00far nebol prijat\u00fd Milan Hod\u017ea. Franc\u00fazsko ofici\u00e1lne uznalo \u010cSNV d\u0148a 17. novembra 1939, Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nia tak u\u010dinila 20. decembra 1939. Treba podotkn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee najsilnej\u0161iu podporu mal Edvard Bene\u0161 v&nbsp;Lond\u00fdne. Naopak p\u00f4sobenie \u0160tefana Osusk\u00e9ko a Milana Hod\u017eu v Par\u00ed\u017ei komplikovalo jeho mocensk\u00e9 postavenie v odboji.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Situ\u00e1cia sa zmenila po p\u00e1de Franc\u00fazska v&nbsp;j\u00fani 1940. \u010cSNV, politici i&nbsp;arm\u00e1da museli by\u0165 evakuovan\u00ed do Lond\u00fdna. Na \u010delo z\u00e1padn\u00e9ho zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho odboja sa dostal Edvard Bene\u0161, ktor\u00fd z&nbsp;pragmatick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska vyhovoval Britom viac ako \u0160tefan Osusk\u00fd \u010di Milan Hod\u017ea. D\u0148a 9. j\u00fala 1940 do\u0161lo k&nbsp;pretransformovaniu \u010cSNV na do\u010dasn\u00fa \u010deskoslovensk\u00fa vl\u00e1du. Vo funkcii prezidenta bol potvrden\u00fd Edvard Bene\u0161. Predsedom vl\u00e1dy sa stal lidovec Jan \u0160r\u00e1mek. Za \u010dlenov kabinetu boli menovan\u00ed J\u00e1n Be\u010dko, Ladislav Feierabend, Sergej Ingr, J\u00e1n Lichner, Jan Masaryk, Jarom\u00edr Ne\u010das, Franti\u0161ek N\u011bmec, \u0160tefan Osusk\u00fd, Eduard Outrata, J\u00e1n Paul\u00edny-T\u00f3th, Hubert Ripka, Juraj Sl\u00e1vik a&nbsp;Rudolf Viest. Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nia ofici\u00e1lne uznala do\u010dasn\u00fa vl\u00e1du 21. j\u00fala 1940. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v&nbsp;rovnak\u00fd de\u0148 vznikla \u0160t\u00e1tna rada. P\u00f4vodne mala plni\u0165 funkciu do\u010dasn\u00e9ho parlamentu. V&nbsp;praxi v\u0161ak disponovala len obmedzen\u00fdmi kompetenciami, zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a poradn\u00e9ho a symbolick\u00e9ho charakteru. Vyd\u00e1vanie z\u00e1konov bolo suplovan\u00e9 prezidentsk\u00fdmi dekr\u00e9tmi, ozna\u010dovan\u00fdmi aj ako <em>Bene\u0161ove dekr\u00e9ty<\/em>. Predsedom \u0160t\u00e1tnej rady sa stal soci\u00e1lny demokrat Rudolf Bechyn\u011b. Milan Hod\u017ea prijal miesto podpredsedu, \u010d\u00edm sa stal s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ofici\u00e1lneho odboja. Prezident, vl\u00e1da a&nbsp;\u0160t\u00e1tna rada tvorili do\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1tne zriadenie. D\u0148a 18. j\u00fala 1941 informoval minister zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch vec\u00ed Anthony Eden listom svojho n\u00e1protivka Jana Masaryka, \u017ee vl\u00e1da Jeho Veli\u010denstva uzn\u00e1va \u010ceskoslovensk\u00fa republiku a&nbsp;jej \u201elond\u00fdnske\u201c org\u00e1ny de iure. Rovnako tak u\u010dinili 26. okt\u00f3bra 1942 aj Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 a&nbsp;o&nbsp;tri dni nesk\u00f4r <i>Franc\u00fazsky n\u00e1rodn\u00fd v\u00fdbor<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V r\u00e1mci procesu medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho uznania \u010ceskoslovenskej republiky a&nbsp;jej org\u00e1nov zohrala v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu oper\u00e1cia <em>Anthropoid<\/em>, organizovan\u00e1 exilovou vl\u00e1dou a arm\u00e1dou vo Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nii. D\u0148a 27. m\u00e1ja 1942 uskuto\u010dnili \u010deskoslovensk\u00ed para\u0161utisti v&nbsp;okupovanej Prahe, za pomoci dom\u00e1ceho hnutia odporu, atent\u00e1t na zastupuj\u00faceho r\u00ed\u0161skeho protektora Reinharda Heydricha. Akciu \u201efyzicky\u201c vykonali najm\u00e4 Jozef Gab\u010d\u00edk a&nbsp;Jan Kubi\u0161 za pomoci ostatn\u00fdch spolubojovn\u00edkov pod veden\u00edm nadporu\u010d\u00edka Adolfa Op\u00e1lku. Nacisti sa pomstili terorom zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00facim mu\u010denie a masov\u00e9 vra\u017edy. Symbolom utrpenia sa stalo vyp\u00e1lenie obce Lidice a&nbsp;osady Le\u017e\u00e1ky. Odstr\u00e1nenie Reinharda Heydricha a \u0161ok z&nbsp;n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch nacistick\u00fdch repres\u00e1li\u00ed navy\u0161e v\u00fdznamne prispeli k&nbsp;anulovaniu podpisu Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nie a Franc\u00fazska na arbitr\u00e1\u017enom rozhodnut\u00ed z&nbsp;30. septembra 1938. V&nbsp;praxi to znamenalo op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 uznanie \u010ceskoslovenska v predmn\u00edchovsk\u00fdch hraniciach, ktor\u00e9ho s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou malo by\u0165, samozrejme, aj Slovensko a Podkarpatsk\u00e1 Rus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Podobne ako z\u00e1padn\u00e9 mocnosti ani Sovietsky zv\u00e4z rozpad republiky v&nbsp;marci roku 1939 neuznal, pri\u010dom \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd vyslanec Zden\u011bk Fierlinger zostal na svojom poste v&nbsp;Moskve. V&nbsp;exile tu navy\u0161e od roku 1938 p\u00f4sobil komunista Klement Gottwald. Na druhej strane po podp\u00edsan\u00ed paktu Ribbentrop-Molotov a n\u00e1slednom \u00fatoku na Po\u013esko do\u0161lo k&nbsp;nadviazaniu diplomatick\u00fdch kontaktov medzi Sovietskym zv\u00e4zom a Slovenskou republikou. Uveden\u00e9 zbli\u017eovanie treba ch\u00e1pa\u0165 v&nbsp;kontexte geopolitickej situ\u00e1cie, ke\u010f\u017ee nacisti a&nbsp;komunisti v&nbsp;tomto obdob\u00ed v\u00fdznamne kooperovali. Obrat nastal po za\u010dat\u00ed oper\u00e1cie <em>Barbarossa<\/em> d\u0148a 22. j\u00fana 1941, ku ktorej sa postupne pridali aj nemeck\u00e9 satelity. V&nbsp;d\u00f4sledku toho Moskva preru\u0161ila diplomatick\u00e9 styky s&nbsp;Bratislavou. Sovietsky zv\u00e4z uznal 18. j\u00fala 1941 lond\u00fdnsku exilov\u00fa vl\u00e1du ako aj \u010ceskoslovensk\u00fa republiku v&nbsp;jej p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch predmn\u00edchovsk\u00fdch hraniciach.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Po po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdch \u00faspechoch na v\u00fdchodnom fronte utrpelo Nemecko katastrof\u00e1lne por\u00e1\u017eky. Navy\u0161e po bitke pri Kursku, v&nbsp;lete roku 1943, za\u010dali nacistick\u00e9 vojsk\u00e1 definit\u00edvne ustupova\u0165. Vojna sa nevyv\u00edjala dobre ani pre Taliansko a&nbsp;Japonsko. Postupne do\u0161lo k&nbsp;doformovaniu protihitlerovskej koal\u00edcie. D\u0148a 26. m\u00e1ja 1942 uzavrela Moskva spojeneck\u00fa dohodu s&nbsp;Lond\u00fdnom. V\u00fdznamn\u00fa rolu zohrali Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty americk\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 okrem fyzickej \u00fa\u010dasti vo vojne poskytovali spojencom rozsiahlu materi\u00e1lnu pomoc. Na z\u00e1klade v\u00fdvoja vojenskej situ\u00e1cie sa dalo predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee Sovietsky zv\u00e4z bude dominantnou silou v&nbsp;strednej, v\u00fdchodnej i&nbsp;juhov\u00fdchodnej Eur\u00f3pe. Lond\u00fdnska exilov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da sa preto pragmaticky sna\u017eila z\u00edska\u0165 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 z\u00e1ruky pre \u010ceskoslovensko pr\u00e1ve u&nbsp;Josifa Stalina. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak ve\u013emi naivne predpokladala, \u017ee si zachov\u00e1 nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 a&nbsp;povojnov\u00e1 republika sa stane ak\u00fdmsi mostom medzi v\u00fdchodom a&nbsp;z\u00e1padom. V&nbsp;uveden\u00fdch intenci\u00e1ch preto obe strany uzavreli 12. decembra 1943 v&nbsp;Moskve <em>Zmluvu o&nbsp;priate\u013estve vz\u00e1jomnej pomoci a&nbsp;povojnovej spolupr\u00e1ci medzi \u010ceskoslovenskou republikou a&nbsp;Zv\u00e4zom sovietskych socialistick\u00fdch republ\u00edk<\/em>. Signovan\u00edm boli poveren\u00ed Zden\u011bk Fierlinger a&nbsp;Via\u010deslav Molotov. Cel\u00fd akt prebiehal za pr\u00edtomnosti Edvarda Bene\u0161a a&nbsp;Josifa Stalina. Zmluva s&nbsp;platnos\u0165ou na 20 rokov obsahovala \u0161es\u0165 \u010dl\u00e1nkov. Zainteresovan\u00e9 strany sa zaviazali k&nbsp;vz\u00e1jomnej pomoci proti Nemecku a&nbsp;jeho spojencom v Eur\u00f3pe. \u0160tvrt\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok obsahoval pr\u00eds\u013eub priate\u013eskej spolupr\u00e1ce v&nbsp;dobe mieru. Obaja partneri mali navy\u0161e vz\u00e1jomne re\u0161pektova\u0165 svoju nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 a&nbsp;zvrchovanos\u0165, nezasahova\u0165 do vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed druh\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu, ako aj pestova\u0165 \u00fazke hospod\u00e1rske styky. S\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou zmluvy sa stali \u0161tyri memorand\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 rie\u0161ili n\u00e1rodnostn\u00e9, hospod\u00e1rske a&nbsp;vojensk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, ako aj transfer Nemcom a&nbsp;Ma\u010farov z&nbsp;republiky po ukon\u010den\u00ed vojny.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dom\u00e1ce hnutie odporu sa na Slovensku skladalo z&nbsp;mnoh\u00fdch skup\u00edn, zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a zast\u00e1vaj\u00facich rozdielne postoje a&nbsp;n\u00e1zory. Pr\u00e1ve t\u00e1to ideov\u00e1 pluralita pomerne dlh\u00e9 obdobie znemo\u017e\u0148ovala vz\u00e1jomn\u00fa tesnej\u0161iu kooper\u00e1ciu. Zjednodu\u0161ene v\u0161ak mo\u017eno protire\u017eimov\u00e9 sily rozdeli\u0165 na nekomunistick\u00fd (ozna\u010dovan\u00fd aj ako ob\u010diansky) a&nbsp;komunistick\u00fd odboj. V&nbsp;r\u00e1mci tohto delenia nadobudli dominantn\u00e9 postavenie b\u00fdval\u00ed agr\u00e1rnici reprezentovan\u00ed J\u00e1nom Urs\u00ednym a&nbsp;mlad\u00ed komunisti na \u010dele s Gust\u00e1vom Hus\u00e1kom. Oba t\u00e1bory s\u00edce preferovali autonomizmus v&nbsp;jeho naj\u0161ir\u0161ej podobe, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 si uvedomovali nevyhnutnos\u0165 n\u00e1vratu Slovenska do spolo\u010dnej republiky. Zjednotenie odboja nastalo ofici\u00e1lne 25. decembra 1943. V&nbsp;tento de\u0148 z\u00e1stupcovia ob\u010dianskeho bloku (Jozef Lettrich, J\u00e1n Urs\u00edny a&nbsp;Matej Josko) spolu s komunistick\u00fdmi predstavite\u013emi (Gust\u00e1v Hus\u00e1k, Karol \u0160midke a&nbsp;Ladislav Novomesk\u00fd) sformulovali spolo\u010dn\u00fd politick\u00fd program s&nbsp;n\u00e1zvom <em>Viano\u010dn\u00e1 dohoda<\/em>. Nesk\u00f4r sa k nej pripojili napr\u00edklad soci\u00e1lny demokrat Ivan Horv\u00e1th, ako aj nespokojn\u00fd n\u00e1rodohospod\u00e1r Peter Za\u0165ko. Dohodou sa kon\u0161tituovala <em>Slovensk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00e1 rada<\/em> (SNR), ktor\u00e1 sa mala sta\u0165 jedinou reprezentantkou politickej, z\u00e1konodarnej, v\u00fdkonnej a&nbsp;vojenskej moci na Slovensku. Jej cie\u013eom bolo odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 nacistick\u00fd dikt\u00e1t vykon\u00e1van\u00fd establi\u0161mentom pod veden\u00edm HS\u013dS. Menom SNR do\u0161lo k&nbsp;uznaniu exilovej vl\u00e1dy v&nbsp;Lond\u00fdne a&nbsp;cel\u00e9ho zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho odboja. V&nbsp;texte sa explicitne spom\u00ednaj\u00fa n\u00e1rod slovensk\u00fd a&nbsp;n\u00e1rod \u010desk\u00fd, pri\u010dom ich vz\u00e1jomn\u00fd vz\u0165ah mal by\u0165 v&nbsp;povojnovej republike rie\u0161en\u00fd na princ\u00edpe <em>\u201erovn\u00fd s&nbsp;rovn\u00fdm\u201c<\/em>. Z&nbsp;uvedenej formul\u00e1cie de facto vypl\u00fdva odmietnutie samotnej idey \u010dechoslovakizmu. Spojovn\u00edk v&nbsp;pou\u017eit\u00fdch skratk\u00e1ch <em>\u201e\u010d.-sl.\u201c<\/em> a <em>\u201e\u010c-SR\u201c<\/em> zasa nazna\u010doval z\u00e1mer presadi\u0165 auton\u00f3miu, respekt\u00edve feder\u00e1ciu. Spolo\u010dn\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t sa mal navy\u0161e v&nbsp;zahrani\u010dno-politickej a&nbsp;vojenskej sf\u00e9re opiera\u0165 najm\u00e4 o&nbsp;Sovietsky zv\u00e4z. <em>Viano\u010dn\u00e1 dohoda<\/em> predstavovala kompromisn\u00e9 sk\u013abenie ob\u010dianskeho a&nbsp;komunistick\u00e9ho sveton\u00e1zoru. Uveden\u00e9 je zrejm\u00e9 napr\u00edklad z nasleduj\u00facej formul\u00e1cie, pod\u013ea ktorej mal by\u0165 nov\u00fd re\u017eim <em>\u201epevne veden\u00fd, pritom v\u0161ak demokratick\u00fd\u201c<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945 Zahrani\u010dn\u00fd a dom\u00e1ci odboj v rokoch 1939 \u2013 1943 Nacistick\u00e1 agresia a&nbsp;politika appeasementu viedli v&nbsp;marci 1939 k&nbsp;rozbitiu republiky. Na druhej strane sa v&nbsp;zahrani\u010d\u00ed postupne formoval odboj spolu s&nbsp;exilovou vl\u00e1dou. O&nbsp;mo\u017enom obnoven\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska pritom rozhodovali najm\u00e4 zahrani\u010dn\u00e9 faktory \u2013 situ\u00e1cia na frontoch a&nbsp;politika mocnost\u00ed. \u010cinnos\u0165 dom\u00e1ceho hnutia odporu v\u0161ak [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2649","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2649","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2649"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2649\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7326,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2649\/revisions\/7326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}