{"id":2651,"date":"2023-03-02T11:16:04","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T10:16:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=2651"},"modified":"2023-03-02T11:26:17","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T10:26:17","slug":"kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-11-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/kapitoly-z-dejin-slovenska-11-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska-11-2"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2651\" class=\"elementor elementor-2651\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1084eb0 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"1084eb0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0443812\" data-id=\"0443812\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a5b956 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a5b956\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2858d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2858d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e63bd34\" data-id=\"e63bd34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b79421 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b79421\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb0ded5\" data-id=\"bb0ded5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-759b076 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"759b076\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00fdvoj od roku 1944 po obnovenie \u010ceskoslovenska <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa9d5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aa9d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prezident Edvard Bene\u0161 obdr\u017eal <em>Viano\u010dn\u00fa dohodu<\/em> za\u010diatkom marca 1944. Samotn\u00fd text bol pritom pozmenen\u00fd a\u00a0neobsahoval zmienku o\u00a0vytvoren\u00ed SNR. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 do\u0161lo k\u00a0zaml\u010daniu skuto\u010dnosti, \u017ee zjednoten\u00e9 bloky nezah\u0155\u0148ali z\u00e1stancov obnovenia predmn\u00edchovsk\u00e9ho stavu. Prizvan\u00e1 nebola napr\u00edklad skupina Vavra \u0160rob\u00e1ra, ktor\u00e1 budovala vlastn\u00e9 odbojov\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary. Tento \u00faskok dopomohol k do\u010dasn\u00e9mu\u00a0uznaniu SNR lond\u00fdnskou exilovou vl\u00e1dou. Na Slovensku sa medzit\u00fdm pripravovalo ozbrojen\u00e9 vyst\u00fapenie proti \u013eud\u00e1ckemu re\u017eimu. Pre potreby organizovania celej oper\u00e1cie sa sformovalo <em>Vojensk\u00e9 \u00fastredie SNR<\/em>. Do jeho \u010dela bol menovan\u00fd podplukovn\u00edk J\u00e1n Golian.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Po vypuknut\u00ed <em>Slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho povstania<\/em> d\u0148a 29. augusta 1944 z\u00edskali jednotky <em>Vojensk\u00e9ho \u00fastredia<\/em> a partiz\u00e1ni kontrolu nad pomerne rozsiahlym \u00fazem\u00edm. Na Slovensku nieko\u013eko mesiacov fungovalo dvojvl\u00e1die. Z\u00e1pad a\u00a0v\u00fdchod kontroloval \u013eud\u00e1cky re\u017eim. Na strednom Slovensku do\u0161lo k\u00a0form\u00e1lnemu obnoveniu \u010ceskoslovenskej republiky. Treba podotkn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee po febru\u00e1rovom prevrate si komunisti nepr\u00e1vom uzurpovali v\u0161etky z\u00e1sluhy za povstanie. V\u00a0skuto\u010dnosti boli hlavnou silou odporu ob\u010diansky blok a\u00a0arm\u00e1da.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00fdznamn\u00fd d\u00e1tum predstavoval 1. september 1944, ke\u010f svetlo sveta uzrela <em>Deklar\u00e1cia SNR<\/em>, ako aj nariadenia \u010d. 1 a\u00a03. Od tohto d\u0148a jedine SNR mohla vykon\u00e1va\u0165 z\u00e1konodarn\u00fa a\u00a0v\u00fdkonn\u00fa moc na Slovensku. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa sformovalo jej predsedn\u00edctvo a\u00a0<em>Zbor poveren\u00edkov<\/em> (ZP). ZP tvorilo\u00a0dev\u00e4\u0165 poveren\u00edctiev, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno pova\u017eova\u0165 za obdobu ministerstiev. Absentovalo jedine poveren\u00edctvo zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch vec\u00ed. Zahrani\u010dn\u00e1 politika spadala v\u00fdlu\u010dne do kompetencie exilovej vl\u00e1dy v\u00a0Lond\u00fdne. Navy\u0161e sa nariaden\u00edm \u010d. 4 zo d\u0148a 1. septembra 1944 rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ali <em>Hlinkova slovensk\u00e1 \u013eudov\u00e1 strana<\/em>, <em>Hlinkova garda<\/em>, <em>Deutsche Partei <\/em>(<em>Nemeck\u00e1 strana<\/em>), <em>Magyar Nemzeti P\u00e1rt<\/em> (<em>Ma\u010farsk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00e1 strana<\/em>), ako aj\u00a0\u010fal\u0161ie organiz\u00e1cie, sl\u00fa\u017eiace \u013eud\u00e1ckemu re\u017eimu a\u00a0nacistick\u00e9mu Nemecku.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u0148a 7. okt\u00f3bra 1944 odletela deleg\u00e1cia v\u00a0zlo\u017een\u00ed J\u00e1n Urs\u00edny, Ladislav Novomesk\u00fd a\u00a0podplukovn\u00edk Mirko Vesel do Lond\u00fdna, kde sa mal prebera\u0165 vz\u00e1jomn\u00fd pomer medzi dom\u00e1cim a\u00a0zahrani\u010dn\u00fdm odbojom. Po rokovaniach musela exilov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da na \u010dele s\u00a0Edvardom Bene\u0161om akceptova\u0165 vtedaj\u0161iu realitu na povstaleckom \u00fazem\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm do\u0161lo k uznaniu SNR a\u00a0jej kompetenci\u00ed. Otvorenou zostala ot\u00e1zka postavenia Slovenska v\u00a0obnovenej republike. Rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 sa malo medzi centralistick\u00fdm modelom a feder\u00e1ciou. Obe strany sa dohodli vyrie\u0161i\u0165 \u0161t\u00e1topr\u00e1vne vz\u0165ahy a\u017e po skon\u010den\u00ed vojny. V\u00a0rovnakom \u010dase pricestovala do Banskej Bystrice vl\u00e1dna deleg\u00e1cia z\u00a0Lond\u00fdna pod veden\u00edm Franti\u0161ka N\u011bmca. Jej \u010dlen gener\u00e1l Rudolf Viest vystriedal na poste hlavn\u00e9ho velite\u013ea povstaleck\u00fdch s\u00edl J\u00e1na Goliana.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Postavenie najvy\u0161\u0161ieho odbojov\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu bolo v\u00fdrazne oslaben\u00e9 po por\u00e1\u017eke povstania. Nemci obsadili 27. okt\u00f3bra 1944 Bansk\u00fa Bystricu a\u00a0nasleduj\u00faci de\u0148 vydal gener\u00e1l Rudolf Viest arm\u00e1dnym jednotk\u00e1m rozkaz, aby pre\u0161li na partiz\u00e1nsky sp\u00f4sob boja. \u010cas\u0165 \u010dlenov SNR sa uch\u00fdlila na \u00fazemia ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 \u010cervenou arm\u00e1dou. V\u00a0osloboden\u00fdch Ko\u0161iciach za\u010dala SNR po\u010diatkom febru\u00e1ra 1944 op\u00e4\u0165 vykon\u00e1va\u0165 svoju \u010dinnos\u0165, pri\u010dom si podria\u010fovala n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 v\u00fdbory \u2013 spont\u00e1nne sa formuj\u00face lok\u00e1lne org\u00e1ny spr\u00e1vy. Jan Rychl\u00edk vo svojej knihe <em>\u010cesi a\u00a0Slov\u00e1ci ve 20. stolet\u00ed<\/em> (s\u00a0podtitulom: <em>\u010cesko-slovensk\u00e9 vztahy 1914 \u2013 1945<\/em>) uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee udalosti sa mohli vyv\u00edja\u0165 inak pokia\u013e by povstaleck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da udr\u017eala z\u00edskan\u00e9 terit\u00f3rium do pr\u00edchodu Sovietov. V\u00a0takom pr\u00edpade by Edvard Bene\u0161 nemohol na nadch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich rokovania odmietnu\u0165 po\u017eiadavky slovensk\u00e9ho dom\u00e1ceho odboja. Realita v\u0161ak bola in\u00e1, ke\u010f\u017ee\u00a0\u00fazemie definit\u00edvne osloboden\u00e9 \u010cervenou arm\u00e1dou musela SNR prebera\u0165 cez \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho deleg\u00e1ta, ktor\u00fd bol pred\u013a\u017eenou rukou lond\u00fdnskej exilovej vl\u00e1dy.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Priazniv\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia na bojisk\u00e1ch v\u00a0prv\u00fdch mesiacoch roku 1945 vytvorila podmienky pre n\u00e1vrat lond\u00fdnskej exilovej vl\u00e1dy do vlasti. Vzh\u013eadom na fakt, \u017ee bola osloboden\u00e1 len \u010das\u0165 \u00fazemia padlo rozhodnutie us\u00eddli\u0165 sa v\u00a0Ko\u0161iciach. Edvard Bene\u0161 sa rozhodol prija\u0165 pozvanie Via\u010deslava Molotova a\u00a0pricestova\u0165 na Slovensko cez Sovietsky zv\u00e4z. Pr\u00e1ve v\u00a0Moskve sa mali prerokova\u0165 z\u00e1sadne politick\u00e9 a\u00a0vojensk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. Od tohto z\u00e1meru odr\u00e1dzal prezidenta 12. febru\u00e1ra 1945 dosluhuj\u00faci minister exilovej vl\u00e1dy Ladislav Feierabend. Nes\u00fahlasil najm\u00e4 s\u00a0pr\u00edli\u0161nou orient\u00e1ciou na Sovietov. Odpove\u010f Edvarda Bene\u0161a, poch\u00e1dzaj\u00faca zo synt\u00e9zy <em>Velk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny zem\u00ed Koruny \u010desk\u00e9<\/em> (zv\u00e4zok XV.b) od Jana Gebharta a\u00a0Jana Kukl\u00edka, znela nasledovne: <em>\u201eNa\u0161e politika je d\u00e1na na\u0161\u00ed geografickou polohou a\u00a0v\u00fdznamem Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu ve sv\u011btov\u00e9m d\u011bn\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd realistick\u00fd politik nem\u016f\u017ee d\u011blat jinou politiku. Z\u00e1pad n\u00e1s p\u0159id\u011blil do v\u00fdchodn\u00ed sf\u00e9ry a\u00a0my se v\u00a0n\u00ed mus\u00edme co nejl\u00e9pe pohybovat. P\u0159es v\u0161echny ud\u00e1losti na Podkarpatsk\u00e9 Rusi v\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz nem\u00e1 ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b imperialistick\u00e9 c\u00edle a\u00a0p\u0159eje si siln\u00e9 a\u00a0nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 \u010ceskoslovensko.\u201c<\/em> Zmienka o\u00a0Podkarpatskej Rusi reflektovala prebiehaj\u00faci teritori\u00e1lny spor. Moskva v\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed tla\u010dila na exilov\u00fa vl\u00e1du, aby sa vzdala tohto \u00fazemia. Edvard Bene\u0161 navy\u0161e mylne vych\u00e1dzal z\u00a0predpokladu, \u017ee sa Sovietsky zv\u00e4z v\u00a0bl\u00edzkej bud\u00facnosti demokratizuje, pri\u010dom o\u010dak\u00e1val zmiernenie jeho apet\u00edtu po nov\u00fdch d\u0155\u017eav\u00e1ch. \u010eal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zal presn\u00fd opak. Z\u00a0\u010ceskoslovenska sa v podstate stal satelit Sovietskeho zv\u00e4zu, ktor\u00e9mu muselo po vojne odst\u00fapi\u0165 Podkarpatsk\u00fa Rus.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Samotn\u00e9 moskovsk\u00e9 rokovania prebiehali od 22. do 29. marca 1945. Ich cie\u013eom bolo zostavi\u0165 nov\u00fa vl\u00e1du a\u00a0skoncipova\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00fd politick\u00fd program. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa rie\u0161ili aj \u010fal\u0161ie z\u00e1sadn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, medzi nimi i\u00a0poz\u00edcia Slovenska a\u00a0jeho org\u00e1nov. \u010cesk\u00fa stranu reprezentovali \u0161tyri politick\u00e9 subjekty: <em>Komunistick\u00e1 strana \u010ceskoslovenska<\/em> (KS\u010c), <em>\u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 strana n\u00e1rodn\u011b socialitick\u00e1<\/em> (\u010cSNS), <em>\u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 strana lidov\u00e1<\/em> (\u010cSL) a <em>\u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u011b demokratick\u00e1 strana d\u011blnick\u00e1<\/em> (\u010cSSD). Slovensko reprezentovala deleg\u00e1cia SNR zlo\u017een\u00e1 zo z\u00e1stupcov <em>Demokratickej strany<\/em> (DS) a\u00a0<em>Komunistickej strany Slovenska<\/em> (KSS). DS pritom vznikla zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edm\u00a0skup\u00edn ob\u010dianskeho bloku. Rokovania boli pre SNR \u010diasto\u010dne \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9, ke\u010f\u017ee v\u00a0podstate obh\u00e1jila svoje postavenie a\u00a0ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 po\u017eiadaviek. Na druhej strane sa malo v\u0161etko definit\u00edvne dorie\u0161i\u0165 v\u00a0povojnovom obdob\u00ed.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Moskovsk\u00fdmi rokovaniami do\u0161lo navy\u0161e k\u00a0zjednoteniu zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho (z\u00e1padn\u00e9ho i\u00a0v\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho) a\u00a0dom\u00e1ceho odboja (\u010desk\u00e9ho i\u00a0slovensk\u00e9ho), pri\u010dom z\u00a0ich reprezentantov bola sformovan\u00e1 \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da. Nov\u00fd kabinet tvorilo\u00a025 \u010dlenov. Po\u010det kresiel sa prerozdelil medzi jednotliv\u00e9 strany na z\u00e1klade paritn\u00e9ho princ\u00edpu. Predsedom sa stal soci\u00e1lny demokrat Zden\u011bk Fierlinger. Zvy\u0161n\u00fdch p\u00e4\u0165 politick\u00fdch subjektov obsadilo funkcie podpredsedov. Vzh\u013eadom na existenciu dvoch extr\u00e9mne \u013eavicov\u00fdch str\u00e1n (KS\u010c a\u00a0KSS) mali komunisti vo vl\u00e1de prevahu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 do ich radov patrili aj niektor\u00ed form\u00e1lne deklarovan\u00ed nestran\u00edci ako napr\u00edklad minister n\u00e1rodnej obrany Ludv\u00edk Svoboda. Do \u010dela rezortu vn\u00fatra bol menovan\u00fd V\u00e1clav Nosek, \u010d\u00edm komunisti z\u00edskali popri arm\u00e1de rozhoduj\u00faci vplyv aj na pol\u00edciu. Vo vz\u0165ahu k\u00a0n\u00e1rodnostnej \u0161trukt\u00fare z\u00edskali Slov\u00e1ci vo vl\u00e1de a\u017e 9 kresiel. Za DS p\u00f4sobili v\u00a0novej garnit\u00fare J\u00e1n Urs\u00edny (podpredseda vl\u00e1dy), Vavro \u0160rob\u00e1r (minister financi\u00ed), Ivan Pietor (minister vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho obchodu) a\u00a0J\u00e1n Lichner (\u0161t\u00e1tny tajomn\u00edk na ministerstve zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho obchodu). Funkciu \u0161t\u00e1tneho tajomn\u00edka na ministerstve n\u00e1rodnej obrany vykon\u00e1val nestran\u00edk Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Ferjen\u010d\u00edk. KSS reprezentovali Viliam \u0160irok\u00fd (podpredseda vl\u00e1dy), J\u00falius \u010euri\u0161 (minister po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva), Jozef \u0160olt\u00e9sz (minister ochrany pr\u00e1ce a\u00a0soci\u00e1lnej starostlivosti) a\u00a0Vladim\u00edr Clementis (\u0161t\u00e1tny tajomn\u00edk na ministerstve zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch vec\u00ed).<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Politick\u00ed reprezentanti sa po ukon\u010den\u00ed rokovan\u00ed presunuli z Moskvy do Ko\u0161\u00edc. Po ich pr\u00edchode nastala kuri\u00f3zna situ\u00e1cia. Na Slovensku mala legislat\u00edvne i\u00a0exekut\u00edvne pr\u00e1vomoci v\u00fdhradne SNR. Nov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da teda nemala k\u00a0dispoz\u00edcii terit\u00f3rium, na ktorom by mohla vykon\u00e1va\u0165 svoje kompetencie. \u010cesk\u00e9 krajiny boli v\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed st\u00e1le okupovan\u00e9 nacistami. Obe strany teda museli v\u00a0bud\u00facnosti zadefinova\u0165 rozsah kompetenci\u00ed \u00fastredn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov a\u00a0SNR v\u00a0povojnovej republike. D\u0148a 5. apr\u00edla 1945 sa v\u00a0\u201emetropole v\u00fdchodu\u201c konalo prv\u00e9 zasadanie novej vl\u00e1dnej koal\u00edcie, naz\u00fdvanej <em>N\u00e1rodn\u00fd front \u010cechov a\u00a0Slov\u00e1kov<\/em> (NF). Na z\u00e1klade predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich moskovsk\u00fdch rokovan\u00ed do\u0161lo k\u00a0prijatiu tzv. <em>Ko\u0161ick\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dneho programu<\/em>. Celkovo obsahoval 16 kapitol. Obnoven\u00e1 republika sa mala vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch smeroch orientova\u0165 na Sovietsky zv\u00e4z a budova\u0165 vlastn\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 sily pod\u013ea vzoru \u010cervenej arm\u00e1dy. Dokument uzn\u00e1va samobytnos\u0165 slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda, SNR za nosite\u013eku \u0161t\u00e1tnej moci na \u00fazem\u00ed Slovenska a ZP ako jej v\u00fdkonn\u00fd org\u00e1n. Vz\u0165ah medzi oboma n\u00e1rodmi mal by\u0165 rie\u0161en\u00fd na z\u00e1klade z\u00e1sady \u201erovn\u00fd s\u00a0rovn\u00fdmi\u201c. Pr\u00e1ve t\u00e1to v\u00e1gna formul\u00e1cia bola do bud\u00facna zdrojom mnoh\u00fdch nedorozumen\u00ed. Z\u00a0uveden\u00e9ho navy\u0161e vypl\u00fdva definit\u00edvne zavrhnutie Masarykovej idey \u010dechoslovakizmu. Na Nemcov a\u00a0Ma\u010farov sa aplikoval princ\u00edp kolekt\u00edvnej viny a\u00a0boli zbaven\u00ed ob\u010dianstva. V\u00fdnimku mohli z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci men\u0161\u00edn, ktor\u00ed vykon\u00e1vali antifa\u0161istick\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165, respekt\u00edve kroky v\u00a0prospech republiky. Popri politick\u00fdch, vojensk\u00fdch a\u00a0n\u00e1rodnostn\u00fdch t\u00e9mach s\u00fa v\u00a0texte rozobrat\u00e9 i\u00a0najz\u00e1sadnej\u0161ie hospod\u00e1rske, soci\u00e1lne a\u00a0kult\u00farne aspekty obnoven\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u0148a 9. m\u00e1ja 1945 sa \u00faspe\u0161ne skon\u010dilo oslobodzovanie Prahy, \u010d\u00edm sa zav\u0155\u0161il proces obnovy \u010ceskoslovenskej republiky. Druh\u00e1 svetov\u00e1 vojna sa v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe skon\u010dila. NF mal pred sebou mnoho ne\u013eahk\u00fdch \u00faloh. Bolo treba vysporiada\u0165 sa s\u00a0kolaborantmi, obnovi\u0165 zni\u010den\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo, zorganizova\u0165 vo\u013eby, prija\u0165 \u00fastavu a op\u00e4tovne spoji\u0165 oba n\u00e1rody do jedn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tneho celku. Pri poh\u013eade na vtedaj\u0161\u00ed politick\u00fd syst\u00e9m treba kon\u0161tatova\u0165, \u017ee do\u0161lo k\u00a0zavedeniu obmedzenej demokracie. Zachovan\u00e1 s\u00edce bola v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina politick\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a\u00a0slob\u00f4d, no koncepcia NF nepovo\u013eovala leg\u00e1lnu opoz\u00edciu. Vl\u00e1dnu koal\u00edciu tvorili len tie strany, ktor\u00e9 sa z\u00fa\u010dastnili moskovsk\u00fdch rokovan\u00ed (KS\u010c, \u010cSNS, \u010cSL, \u010cSSD, DS a\u00a0KSS). Agr\u00e1rnici, \u013eud\u00e1ci a\u00a0ostatn\u00ed boli vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00ed z\u00a0politick\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Pod\u013ea historika Jana Rychl\u00edka mo\u017eno vtedaj\u0161\u00ed \u0161t\u00e1t pova\u017eova\u0165 de facto za konfeder\u00e1ciu. Slovensk\u00e1 reprezent\u00e1cia mohla prostredn\u00edctvom absol\u00fatneho veta blokova\u0165 v\u00fdkon moci pra\u017esk\u00fdch \u00fastredn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov na Slovensku, pri\u010dom na jar 1945 disponovala taktie\u017e vlastn\u00fdmi vojensk\u00fdmi jednotkami, coln\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm a\u00a0menou. Tak\u00e1to situ\u00e1cia bola pre \u010desk\u00fa stranu neprijate\u013en\u00e1. V\u00a0\u010fal\u0161om obdob\u00ed preto prebehli rokovania o kompetenci\u00e1ch centr\u00e1lnych a\u00a0slovensk\u00fdch org\u00e1nov.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kapitoly z dej\u00edn Slovenska 1740 \u2013 1945 V\u00fdvoj od roku 1944 po obnovenie \u010ceskoslovenska Prezident Edvard Bene\u0161 obdr\u017eal Viano\u010dn\u00fa dohodu za\u010diatkom marca 1944. Samotn\u00fd text bol pritom pozmenen\u00fd a\u00a0neobsahoval zmienku o\u00a0vytvoren\u00ed SNR. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 do\u0161lo k\u00a0zaml\u010daniu skuto\u010dnosti, \u017ee zjednoten\u00e9 bloky nezah\u0155\u0148ali z\u00e1stancov obnovenia predmn\u00edchovsk\u00e9ho stavu. Prizvan\u00e1 nebola napr\u00edklad skupina Vavra \u0160rob\u00e1ra, ktor\u00e1 budovala vlastn\u00e9 odbojov\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2651","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2651","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2651"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2651\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2670,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2651\/revisions\/2670"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2651"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}