{"id":3731,"date":"2023-03-12T07:34:17","date_gmt":"2023-03-12T06:34:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=3731"},"modified":"2023-04-14T21:13:06","modified_gmt":"2023-04-14T19:13:06","slug":"phonetics-and-phonology-4-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/phonetics-and-phonology-4-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Phonetics and phonology-4-1"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY\n
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GEOGRAPHICAL VARIETIES AND ACCENTS OF ENGLISH <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Differences in the basic terms connected with the characteristic features of the pronunciation (as well as of the differences in grammar, vocabulary, or spelling) are explained in the following part. The terms used partially overlap, but to be able to recognise the meaning of the relevant terms and to use them accordingly, it is inevitable to introduce the basic similarities and differences that they share:<\/p>

  • geographical variety<\/strong> is \u201ca type of English spoken in a particular geographical area. Each of geographical varieties has its own grammatical, lexical and pronunciation peculiarities\u201c and covers both accent and dialect of a particular area (Pavl\u00edk, 2000, p. 219)<\/li>
  • dialect<\/strong> is a variety of English with its own grammatical<\/u> and lexical<\/u> peculiarities<\/li>
  • accent <\/strong>is a variety with pronunciation<\/u> peculiarities<\/li>
  • regional accent<\/strong> \u2013 a way of pronunciation in a certain part (region) of the country<\/li>
  • social accent<\/strong> \u2013 a way of pronunciation of a certain social group with an equal social status or common educational and cultural background (Pavl\u00edk, 2000)<\/li><\/ul>

    The following are the geographical varieties with their accents<\/strong>, as Pavl\u00edk systemically presents in his publication (Pavl\u00edk, 2000):<\/p>

    \u00a0<\/p>

    • BRITISH ENGLISH<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>

      \u00a0<\/strong>ENGLISH ENGLISH\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – RP accent<\/p>

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0– London accent<\/p>

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0– Estuary English<\/p>

      SCOTTISH ENGLISH \u00a0– Scottish accent<\/p>

      WELSH ENGLISH\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0– Welsh accent<\/p>

      • IRISH ENGLISH<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>

        \u00a0NORTHERN IRELAND \u2013 Belfast accent<\/p>

        • NORTH<\/u><\/strong> AMERICAN ENGLISH<\/strong><\/u>:<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>

          geographical variety = U.S. ENGLISH \u2013 General American accent<\/p>

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – Southern American accent<\/p>

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0– Eastern American accent<\/p>

          geographical variety = CANADIAN ENGLISH<\/p>

          • AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH<\/u><\/strong>:<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>

            AUSTRALIAN ACCENT<\/p>

            (Pavl\u00edk, 2000, p. 219)<\/p>

            \u00a0<\/p>

            The majority of the geographical varieties and their accents are discussed either in the previous or in the following chapters.<\/p>

            The following map presents some of the regional accents which can be heard within the territory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The specific accent features are used in almost every big city of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.<\/p>

            The British accents presented in the picture whose names are not easy to understand according to the names of the cities where they are spoken: Geordie (heard in Newcastle), Scouse (Liverpool), Brummy (Birmingham), Mancunian (Manchester), Cornish (Cornwall). Within London, Received Pronunciation, but also Estuary English and Cockney are widely used.<\/p>

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            British and American English<\/p>\n

            Otestujte si va\u0161e vedomosti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>

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            1 \/ 10<\/p>\n

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            1. Which of the British accents is spoken in Newcastle?<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n \n

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