{"id":4931,"date":"2023-03-17T09:51:12","date_gmt":"2023-03-17T08:51:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=4931"},"modified":"2023-03-17T09:51:12","modified_gmt":"2023-03-17T08:51:12","slug":"helenistickastredovekafil-3-6","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/helenistickastredovekafil-3-6\/","title":{"rendered":"HelenistickaStredovekaFil-3-6"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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VYBRAN\u00c9 KAPITOLY Z DEJ\u00cdN HELENISTICKEJ A STREDOVEKEJ FILOZOFIE<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pl\u00f3tinos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u017divot, dielo a vplyv <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Slovom novoplatonizmus sa zvykn\u00fa ozna\u010dova\u0165 filozofick\u00e9 \u0161koly odvol\u00e1vaj\u00face sa na Plat\u00f3novu filozofiu, ktor\u00e9 sa objavili na sklonku antiky zhruba medzi polovicou 3. a\u00a0polovicou 7. storo\u010dia. Ide o\u00a0obdobie, v\u00a0ktorom z\u00e1rove\u0148 vznik\u00e1 aj kres\u0165ansk\u00e1 filozofia. A\u00a0pr\u00e1ve novoplatonizmus sa stane dominantnou filozofiou pre obe kult\u00farno-n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 vetvy \u2013 tak pre nekres\u0165ansk\u00fa, ktorej sa budeme stru\u010dne venova\u0165 v\u00a0tejto kapitole, ako aj pre kres\u0165ansk\u00fa, o\u00a0ktorej bude re\u010d v\u00a0\u010dasti venovanej stredovekej filozofii.<\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Samotn\u00fd v\u00fdraz \u201enovoplatonizmus\u201c bol zaveden\u00fd a\u017e v\u00a019. storo\u010d\u00ed. Antick\u00ed a\u00a0ranokres\u0165ansk\u00ed novoplatonici o\u00a0sebe hovorili ako o\u00a0platonikoch rozv\u00edjaj\u00facich ducha a\u00a0filozofiu Plat\u00f3nov\u00fdch dial\u00f3gov. Na rozdiel od Plat\u00f3na samotn\u00e9ho a\u00a0jeho bezprostredn\u00fdch kritikov a\u00a0nasledovate\u013eov, interpretovali novoplatonici Plat\u00f3novu filozofiu ako pozit\u00edvny syst\u00e9m, jednotn\u00fa filozofick\u00fa doktr\u00ednu. Tak\u00e9to ch\u00e1panie Plat\u00f3na bolo charakteristick\u00e9 aj pre stredovek a\u00a0v\u00a0novovekej filozofii vyvrcholilo v\u00a0nemeckom idealizme. A\u017e koniec 19. a\u00a020. storo\u010die priniesli snahu o\u00a0n\u00e1vrat k\u00a0samotn\u00e9mu Plat\u00f3novi a\u00a0pokusy \u201eo\u010disti\u0165\u201c v\u00fdklad jeho filozofie od (novo)plat\u00f3nskych interpreta\u010dn\u00fdch sch\u00e9m.<\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ak by sme mali identifikova\u0165 hlavn\u00e9 predpoklady, na ktor\u00fdch novoplat\u00f3nske myslenie stoj\u00ed, potom by to boli nasledovn\u00e9 dva: prv\u00fdm je epistemologick\u00e1 a\u00a0ontologick\u00e1 priorita rozumu nad zmyslami \u2013 duchovn\u00e9ho nad hmotn\u00fdm. Ch\u00e1pa\u0165 rozumov\u00fa a\u00a0duchovn\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165 ako vo svojej podstate toto\u017en\u00e9, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pre s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u010dloveka trochu zvl\u00e1\u0161tne. Gr\u00e9cke slovo n\u00fas<\/em> (alebo noos<\/em>), ktor\u00e9 by sme dnes mohli prelo\u017ei\u0165 ako reflex\u00edvne vedomie, v\u0161ak ozna\u010duje oboje \u2013 sf\u00e9ru racionality aj duchovna. Zjednodu\u0161ene povedan\u00e9, matematick\u00e9 z\u00e1konitosti a\u00a0bo\u017esk\u00e9 bytosti (bohovia alebo anjeli) s\u00fa ve\u010dn\u00e9 a\u00a0nemenn\u00e9, patria teda do tej istej sf\u00e9ry. T\u00e1to sf\u00e9ra je p\u00f4vodnej\u0161ia a\u00a0nadraden\u00e1 sf\u00e9re, do ktorej patr\u00ed v\u0161etko do\u010dasn\u00e9 a\u00a0premenliv\u00e9. Z\u00a0tohto d\u00f4vodu s\u00fa rozumov\u00e9 myslenie a\u00a0duchovn\u00e1 kontempl\u00e1cia nadraden\u00e9 zmyslov\u00e9mu vn\u00edmaniu.<\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Druh\u00fdm predpokladom, na ktorom novoplatonizmus stoj\u00ed, je presved\u010denie, \u017ee cel\u00e1 realita, ktor\u00fa dok\u00e1\u017eeme uchopi\u0165 svojim rozumom a\u00a0zmyslami, z\u00e1vis\u00ed od najvy\u0161\u0161ieho princ\u00edpu, ktor\u00fd je jeden a\u00a0absol\u00fatny. Pre t\u00fato absol\u00fatnu \u201esingularitu\u201c, akoby sme sn\u00e1\u010f dnes povedali, novoplatonici pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa men\u00e1 ako \u201ePrv\u00e9\u201c, \u201eJedno\u201c, alebo \u201eBoh\u201c. Toto Jedno je ontologicky nadraden\u00e9 v\u0161etk\u00e9mu ostatn\u00e9mu a\u00a0stoj\u00ed na vrchole hierarchie v\u0161etk\u00fdch s\u00facien. Tak ako je Jedno nadraden\u00e9 cel\u00e9mu s\u00facnu, tak je nadraden\u00e9 aj cel\u00e9mu mysleniu \u2013 Jedno je teda aj najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm princ\u00edpom vedomia. S\u00fahrnne povedan\u00e9, prvou pr\u00ed\u010dinou a\u00a0absol\u00fatnym zdrojom v\u0161etk\u00e9ho vedomia a\u00a0bytia je \u201eJedno\u201c. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 toto \u201eJedno\u201c svojou absol\u00fatnos\u0165ou ak\u00e9ko\u013evek bytie a\u00a0vedomie prekra\u010duje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

VYBRAN\u00c9 KAPITOLY Z DEJ\u00cdN HELENISTICKEJ A STREDOVEKEJ FILOZOFIE Pl\u00f3tinos \u017divot, dielo a vplyv             Slovom novoplatonizmus sa zvykn\u00fa ozna\u010dova\u0165 filozofick\u00e9 \u0161koly odvol\u00e1vaj\u00face sa na Plat\u00f3novu filozofiu, ktor\u00e9 sa objavili na sklonku antiky zhruba medzi polovicou 3. a polovicou 7. storo\u010dia. Ide o obdobie, v ktorom z\u00e1rove\u0148 vznik\u00e1 aj kres\u0165ansk\u00e1 filozofia. A pr\u00e1ve novoplatonizmus sa stane dominantnou filozofiou pre obe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4931","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4931","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4931"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4931\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4932,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4931\/revisions\/4932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}