{"id":8541,"date":"2024-10-30T16:38:59","date_gmt":"2024-10-30T15:38:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/?page_id=8541"},"modified":"2024-10-31T12:29:30","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T11:29:30","slug":"metodicka_prirucka_studentstvo_so_specifickymi_potrebami-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/metodicka_prirucka_studentstvo_so_specifickymi_potrebami-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Metodicka_prirucka_studentstvo_so_specifickymi_potrebami-4"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Metodick\u00e1 pr\u00edru\u010dka vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho u\u010dite\u013estva pre pr\u00e1cu so \u0161tudentstvom so \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi potrebami<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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4. ZRAKOVO POSTIHNUT\u00c9 \u0160TUDENTSTVO V EDUKA\u010cNOM PROCESE<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pod\u013ea \u00a7 100 ods. 2 \u00a0Z\u00e1kona o V\u0160 a vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky M\u0160VV\u0160 SR \u010d.458\/2012 Z.z. o minim\u00e1lnych n\u00e1rokoch \u0161tudenta so \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi zara\u010fujeme zrakovo postihnut\u00e9 \u0161tudentstvo do kateg\u00f3rie \u201e\u0160tudent so zmyslov\u00fdm, telesn\u00fdm a viacn\u00e1sobn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm\u201c. Za \u0161tudenta\/\u0161tudentku so zmyslov\u00fdm, telesn\u00fdm a viacn\u00e1sobn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm sa pova\u017euje \u0161tudent\/ka s postihnut\u00edm zraku (nevidiaci\/a a\u00a0slabozrak\u00fd\/\u00e1), sluchu (nepo\u010duj\u00faci\/a a\u00a0nedosl\u00fdchav\u00fd\/\u00e1), s telesn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm (s postihnut\u00edm doln\u00fdch kon\u010dat\u00edn a s postihnut\u00edm horn\u00fdch kon\u010dat\u00edn, jemnej motoriky) a\u00a0\u0161tudent\/ka s viacn\u00e1sobn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm. Konkr\u00e9tne do\u00a0kateg\u00f3rie zrakovo postihnut\u00e9 \u0161tudentstvo zara\u010fujeme:<\/p>

  • Nevidiace \u0161tudentstvo, ktor\u00e9 nedok\u00e1\u017ee pri \u0161t\u00fadiu vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 zrak, pracuje s alternat\u00edvnymi form\u00e1tmi \u0161tudijn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov (v pr\u00edstupnej elektronickej forme, v zvukovej forme, v bodovom p\u00edsme, reli\u00e9fnej forme a pod.) a pri pr\u00e1ci so \u0161tudijnou literat\u00farou vyu\u017e\u00edva podporn\u00e9\/asisten\u010dn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie pre nevidiacich (\u010d\u00edta\u010dka obrazovky, hlasov\u00fa synt\u00e9zu, braillovsk\u00fd riadok, rozpozn\u00e1vac\u00ed program, tla\u010diarne s reli\u00e9fnym v\u00fdstupom, a pod.).<\/li>
  • Slabozrak\u00e9 \u0161tudentstvo – dok\u00e1\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 zrak v obmedzenej miere, pri \u0161t\u00fadiu pracuje so \u0161tandardn\u00fdmi form\u00e1tmi \u0161tudijn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 si m\u00f4\u017eu vy\u017eadova\u0165 modifik\u00e1ciu (napr. zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161enie p\u00edsma u\u010debn\u00e9ho textu, \u00faprava kontrastu p\u00edsma a pozadia, a pod.), a pri \u0161t\u00fadiu vyu\u017e\u00edva kompenza\u010dn\u00e9 pom\u00f4cky (napr. lupy) a podporn\u00e9\/asisten\u010dn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie (napr. zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ovac\u00ed program).<\/li><\/ul>

    \u00a0<\/p>

    Odpor\u00fa\u010dania pre pr\u00e1cu so slabozrak\u00fdm\/ nevidiacim \u0161tudentstvom:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

    1. Jasn\u00e9 a jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 in\u0161trukcie:
      – Nevyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm napr. ukazovac\u00edch z\u00e1men, ke\u010f\u017ee \u0161tudent\/ka, ktor\u00fd je slabozrak\u00fd\/ nevidiaci nem\u00f4\u017ee dobre identifikova\u0165 ukazovan\u00fd\/ ozna\u010dovan\u00fd bod\/ osobu,
      – Upozorni\u0165 \u0161tudenta\/\u0161tudentku na z\u00e1chytn\u00e9 body v\u00a0miestnosti (napr. dvere, okn\u00e1, \u010fal\u0161ia v\u00fdbava u\u010debne.<\/li>
    2. Osvetlenie miestnosti:
      Je potrebn\u00e9 vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa pr\u00edli\u0161 siln\u00e9mu svetlu, a\u00a0rovnako aj \u0161eru, ktor\u00e9 je pre slabozrak\u00e9 \u0161tudentstvo problematick\u00e9. Taktie\u017e je nevhodn\u00e9 osvetlenie vyu\u010duj\u00faceho napr. pri okne, ktor\u00e9 vrh\u00e1 tie\u0148 na tv\u00e1r. Preto je potrebn\u00e9 pre vyu\u010duj\u00faceho koncentrova\u0165 sa na miesto, ktor\u00e9 je dobre osvetlen\u00e9.<\/li>
    3. Zoradenie \u0161tudijnej literat\u00fary pod\u013ea d\u00f4le\u017eitosti, ozna\u010denie str\u00e1n, skor\u0161ie dodanie materi\u00e1lov.<\/li>
    4. Zvukov\u00fd z\u00e1znam \u2013 predstavuje pre slabozrak\u00e9\/ nevidom\u00e9 \u0161tudentstvo jeden z\u00a0najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edch \u0161tudijn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov.<\/li>
    5. Usporiadanie textu na bielom, nelesklom papieri \u2013 z\u00e1rove\u0148 by na jednej strane nemalo by\u0165 pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea textu.<\/li>
    6. Pri demon\u0161tr\u00e1cii v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho predmetu m\u00f4\u017ee \u0161tudentstvo vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 hmat \u2013 polo\u017eenie si ruky na demon\u0161trovan\u00fd predmet podmie\u0148uje lep\u0161iu predstavivos\u0165 \u0161tudentstva.<\/li>
    7. Redukcia ru\u0161iv\u00fdch zvukov\u00fdch prejavov \u2013 je potrebn\u00e9 sna\u017ei\u0165 sa eliminova\u0165 napr. hluk z\u00a0otvoren\u00e9ho okna. Okrem toho je nevyhnut\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 zrozumite\u013ene. Rovnako zrozumite\u013ene by sa ma vyu\u010duj\u00faci predstavi\u0165 menom na za\u010diatku semestra.<\/li>
    8. Verbaliz\u00e1cia vizualizovan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu (filmy, obr\u00e1zky,…) \u2013 vyu\u010duj\u00faci by mal pri v\u00fdu\u010dbe slabozrak\u00e9ho\/ nevidom\u00e9ho \u0161tudentstva slovne opisova\u0165 v\u0161etok materi\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd je v\u00a0obrazovej podobe. Rovnako by sa mal zamera\u0165 aj na zrozumite\u013en\u00e9 pre\u010d\u00edtanie ka\u017ed\u00e9ho prezentovan\u00e9ho textu. Ak sa v\u00a0prezentovanom texte nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa aj cudzie \u010di zlo\u017eitej\u0161ie v\u00fdrazy, tak je potrebn\u00e9 ich vyhl\u00e1skovanie.<\/li>
    9. V\u00a0pr\u00edpade p\u00edsomn\u00fdch zadan\u00ed sk\u00fa\u0161ania je nutn\u00e9 zvoli\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie p\u00edsmo, hlasov\u00fd koment\u00e1r k\u00a0zadaniu, poskytn\u00fa\u0165 pred\u013a\u017een\u00fd \u010das na odpove\u010f. V\u00a0pr\u00edpade vyu\u017eitia uveden\u00fdch foriem sk\u00fa\u0161ania mus\u00ed by\u0165 \u0161tudent\/ka vysk\u00fa\u0161an\u00fd samostatne bez pr\u00edtomnosti ostatn\u00e9ho \u0161tudentstva.<\/li><\/ol>

      \u00a0<\/p>

      Odpor\u00fa\u010dania pre realiz\u00e1ciu sk\u00fa\u0161ania \u00a0slabozrak\u00e9ho\/ nevidiaceho \u0161tudentstva:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

      • pred\u013a\u017eenie \u010dasu pri p\u00edsomnej sk\u00fa\u0161ke,<\/li>
      • zadanie na p\u00edsomn\u00fa sk\u00fa\u0161ku v\u00a0p\u00edsomnej\/upravenej podobe,<\/li>
      • kombin\u00e1cia p\u00edsomnej a\u00a0\u00fastnej sk\u00fa\u0161ky,<\/li>
      • nahradenie p\u00edsomnej sk\u00fa\u0161ky \u00fastnou,<\/li>
      • sk\u00fa\u0161ka v\u00a0samostatnej miestnosti,<\/li>
      • pomoc asistenta pri p\u00edsomnej sk\u00fa\u0161ke,<\/li>
      • mo\u017enos\u0165 robi\u0165 p\u00edsomn\u00fa sk\u00fa\u0161ku na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di,<\/li>
      • mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 kompenza\u010dn\u00e9 pom\u00f4cky pri sk\u00fa\u0161ke.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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        Minim\u00e1lne n\u00e1roky zrakovo postihnut\u00e9ho \u0161tudentstva pod\u013ea VYHL\u00c1\u0160KY 458\/2012 Z.z.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>
        \u00a0<\/strong><\/td>Priestorov\u00e9 n\u00e1roky<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Materi\u00e1lne n\u00e1roky<\/strong><\/span><\/td>N\u00e1roky s\u00favisiace so \u0161t\u00fadiom<\/strong><\/span><\/td><\/tr>
        Nevidiaci \u0161tudent<\/strong><\/td>Podpora pri n\u00e1cviku orient\u00e1cie, samostatn\u00e9ho a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho pohybu v priestoroch vysokej \u0161koly<\/td>Zapo\u017ei\u010danie literat\u00fary z akademickej kni\u017enice na predl\u017een\u00fd \u010das<\/td>Individu\u00e1lny harmonogram plneni \u0161tudijn\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed<\/td><\/tr>
        \u00a0<\/strong><\/td>Pr\u00edstup k inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m t\u00fdkaj\u00facim sa \u0161t\u00fadia bezbari\u00e9rov\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom<\/td>–<\/strong><\/td>Podpora pri zabezpe\u010dovan\u00ed z\u00e1kladnej \u0161tudijnej literat\u00fary, podkladov z predn\u00e1\u0161ok a zadan\u00ed z cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/td><\/tr>
        \u00a0<\/strong><\/td>

        Bezbari\u00e9rov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca v akademickom informa\u010dnom syst\u00e9me<\/p>

        \u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

        		–<\/strong><\/td>

        Podpora pri zabezpe\u010dovan\u00ed \u0161tudijn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov v pr\u00edstupnej forme<\/p>

        \u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

        \u00a0<\/strong><\/td>

        Pr\u00edstup k inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m a materi\u00e1lom akademickej kni\u017enice bezbari\u00e9rov\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom<\/p>

        \u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

        		–<\/strong><\/td>–<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
        \u00a0<\/td>Priestorov\u00e9 n\u00e1roky<\/strong><\/span><\/td>Materi\u00e1lne n\u00e1roky<\/strong><\/span><\/td>N\u00e1roky s\u00favisiace
        so \u0161t\u00fadiom<\/strong><\/span><\/td><\/tr>
        Slabozrak\u00fd \u0161tudent<\/strong><\/td>Pr\u00edstup k informa\u010dn\u00fdm zdrojom vysokej \u0161koly bezbari\u00e9rov\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom<\/td>Zapo\u017ei\u010danie literat\u00fary z akademickej kni\u017enice na pred\u013a\u017een\u00fd \u010das<\/td>Individu\u00e1lny harmonogram plnenia \u0161tudijn\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed<\/td><\/tr>
        \u00a0<\/td>Bezbari\u00e9rov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca v akademickom informa\u010dnom syst\u00e9me<\/td>Technick\u00e1 podpora pri pr\u00e1ci v kni\u017enici formou vyu\u017eitia technick\u00e9ho vybavenia<\/td>Podpora pri zabezpe\u010dovan\u00ed \u0161tudijnej literat\u00fary, podkladov z predn\u00e1\u0161ok a zadan\u00ed z cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/td><\/tr>
        \u00a0<\/td>Pr\u00edstup k inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m a materi\u00e1lom akademickej kni\u017enice bezbari\u00e9rov\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom<\/td>\u2013<\/td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Metodick\u00e1 pr\u00edru\u010dka vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho u\u010dite\u013estva pre pr\u00e1cu so \u0161tudentstvom so \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi potrebami 4. ZRAKOVO POSTIHNUT\u00c9 \u0160TUDENTSTVO V EDUKA\u010cNOM PROCESE Pod\u013ea \u00a7 100 ods. 2 \u00a0Z\u00e1kona o V\u0160 a vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky M\u0160VV\u0160 SR \u010d.458\/2012 Z.z. o minim\u00e1lnych n\u00e1rokoch \u0161tudenta so \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi zara\u010fujeme zrakovo postihnut\u00e9 \u0161tudentstvo do kateg\u00f3rie \u201e\u0160tudent so zmyslov\u00fdm, telesn\u00fdm a viacn\u00e1sobn\u00fdm postihnut\u00edm\u201c. Za \u0161tudenta\/\u0161tudentku so zmyslov\u00fdm, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8541","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8541","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8541"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8541\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8638,"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8541\/revisions\/8638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-ucebnice.ff.ucm.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8541"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}