PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
Segmental Aspects
SLOVAK PHONEMIC INVENTORY
The Slovak PI comprises 11 vowels (6 short and 5 long vowels), 4 diphthongs and 27 consonants. In the written form (spelling), they are represented by 46 graphemes of the Slovak alphabet – a ä e i o u y á é í ó ú ý b c č d f g h j k l ĺ m n p q r ŕ s š t v w x z ž ď ľ ň ť ô dz dž ch – 33 consonants including 3 digraphs (dz is pronounced /dz/, dž /ʤ/, ch /x/, while, on the other hand, the grapheme q is pronounced as /kv/, the letter x as /ks/). Besides these consonant phonemes, specific transcription symbols are also used for č /ʧ/, š /ʃ/ and ž /ʒ/. Some of the vowels a e i o u y á é í ó ú ý ä are combined to form four diphthongs – ia /ĭa/, ie /ĭe/, iu /ĭu/, ô /ŭo/. The exact number of the speech sounds included in the Slovak phonemic inventory is 42, it means that there are fewer phonemes than graphemes because both the letters short i and long y are pronounced as /i/, and both long í and ý also have identical pronunciation /i:/. No difference in pronunciation is made between graphemes the v and w, as both are pronounced /v/.